Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria.
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Workers' Compensation Board Research Center, Vienna, Austria.
Nat Aging. 2023 Jul;3(7):766-775. doi: 10.1038/s43587-023-00447-5. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
With recent rapid progress in research on aging, there is increasing evidence that many features commonly considered to be mechanisms or drivers of aging in fact represent adaptations. Here, we examine several such features, including cellular senescence, epigenetic aging and stem cell alterations. We draw a distinction between the causes and consequences of aging and define short-term consequences as 'responses' and long-term ones as 'adaptations'. We also discuss 'damaging adaptations', which despite having beneficial effects in the short term, lead to exacerbation of the initial insult and acceleration of aging. Features commonly recognized as 'basic mechanisms of the aging process' are critically examined for the possibility of their adaptation-driven emergence from processes such as cell competition and the wound-like features of the aging body. Finally, we speculate on the meaning of these interactions for the aging process and their relevance for the development of antiaging interventions.
随着衰老研究的快速进展，越来越多的证据表明，许多通常被认为是衰老机制或驱动因素的特征实际上代表了适应。在这里，我们研究了几个这样的特征，包括细胞衰老、表观遗传衰老和干细胞改变。我们将衰老的原因和后果区分开来，并将短期后果定义为“反应”，将长期后果定义为“适应”。我们还讨论了“有害适应”，尽管它们在短期内有有益的影响，但会导致最初损伤的恶化和衰老的加速。我们对被普遍认为是“衰老过程基本机制”的特征进行了批判性的检查，以确定它们是否有可能从细胞竞争和衰老身体的类似伤口的特征等过程中适应驱动出现。最后，我们推测了这些相互作用对衰老过程的意义及其与抗衰老干预措施发展的相关性。
