面临教育和社会排斥风险的青春期前儿童的性格特点。
The temperament of pre-teens at risk of educational and social exclusion.
作者信息
Moanţă Alina Daniela, Pelin Florin, Ciolcă Corina, Nanu Marian Costin, Mitrache Georgeta, Badea Dan, Ciuntea Lucian Mihai
机构信息
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest, Romania.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 14;14:1173175. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1173175. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
Vulnerability and poverty increase the educational and social exclusion of pre-teens. The goal of the present study was to identify the temperamental characteristics of pre-teens at risk of educational and social exclusion, depending on type of vulnerability and gender.
METHODS
For the study, 329 students (167 boys and 162 girls) at risk of early school leaving were involved and grouped into four categories: preadolescents from single-parent families, students with an absent parent (for example, is working abroad), socially assisted students, and Roma pre-teens (socially assisted). To assess temperament the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R) was used.
RESULTS
The results underline that in the case of the four super factors and for the two behavioral scales investigated, the scores (at group level) are, generally, within the average limits. The study highlights the importance of specialists to increase, in the case of pre-teens at risk of early school leaving, Effortful Control, and to decrease Negative Affectivity (which includes frustration and fear) and Depressive Mood. Significant differences between vulnerable boys and girls were observed, in the case of Surgency, Affiliation, and Depressive Mood. Also, using the Mann-Whitney (U) test and an independent sample -test, gender-dependent differences were highlighted (considering the EATQ-R scales), in the case of each type of vulnerability. Using single-factor multivariate analysis of variances, the differences between preadolescents, depending on the type of vulnerability, were presented.
DISCUSSION
In the case of Surgency, boys registered significantly higher scores than girls, while in the case of Affiliation and Depressive Mood girls obtained higher values. Gender- and type of vulnerability-dependent differences in temperament were discussed in the case of pre-teens, and showed a temperament-conscious education is necessary in future parental education and teacher training.
引言
脆弱性和贫困加剧了青少年前期儿童在教育和社会方面的排斥。本研究的目的是根据脆弱性类型和性别，确定面临教育和社会排斥风险的青少年前期儿童的气质特征。
方法
本研究纳入了329名有过早辍学风险的学生（167名男孩和162名女孩），并将他们分为四类：单亲家庭的青少年前期儿童、父母一方不在身边（例如在国外工作）的学生、社会救助对象学生以及罗姆族青少年前期儿童（社会救助对象）。使用青少年早期气质问卷（EATQ-R）来评估气质。
结果
结果表明，就所研究的四个超级因素以及两个行为量表而言，（在组水平上的）得分总体上处于平均范围内。该研究强调了专家对于提高面临过早辍学风险的青少年前期儿童的努力控制能力，以及降低消极情感（包括挫折感和恐惧）和抑郁情绪的重要性。在活力、亲和性和抑郁情绪方面，观察到了脆弱男孩和女孩之间的显著差异。此外，使用曼-惠特尼（U）检验和独立样本检验，突出了在每种脆弱性类型中（考虑EATQ-R量表）存在的性别依赖性差异。使用单因素多变量方差分析，呈现了不同脆弱性类型的青少年前期儿童之间的差异。
讨论
在活力方面，男孩的得分显著高于女孩，而在亲和性和抑郁情绪方面，女孩得分更高。讨论了青少年前期儿童在气质方面存在的性别和脆弱性类型依赖性差异，表明在未来的家长教育和教师培训中，有必要开展注重气质的教育。
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