The optimal spatial delineation method for the service level of urban park green space from the perspective of opportunity equity.

Urban park green spaces (UPGS) constitute a vital component of urban ecosystems, and the unequal distribution of UPGS can significantly impact the well-being of residents. Therefore, investigating the spatial delineation methods of UPGS service levels from the perspective of opportunity equity contributes to enhancing people's quality of life and promoting social harmony. Taking the Yingze District of Taiyuan City as an example, this study uses a modified accessibility measurement method of UPGS with the smallest clustered unit (building) as the service demand point and the UPGS entrance/exit as the service provision point, to establish a micro-scale evaluation framework for spatial equity considering the service radius and service quality of UPGS. The findings are as follows: after setting different service radius for UPGS at different levels, additional areas not covered by UPGS service were identified compared to setting the same service radius uniformly, which could prevent these areas from being overlooked in urban plans. After considering the quality of UPGS services, additional areas with low and high UPGS service levels were identified. Accurate spatial delineation of UPGS service level can avoid wasting public resources by including areas with high service levels in the scope of new UPGS requirements, while areas with low service levels lose opportunities for consideration in future urban infrastructure planning. This study emphasizes the residents' demand for both the quantity and quality of UPGS, facilitating an accurate assessment of whether urban residents can enjoy UPGS, the number of UPGS options available to them, and evaluate the quality of UPGS services experienced. Overall, this research provides new insights for evaluating the spatial equity of urban public facilities.