School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 6;19(9):e0310015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310015. eCollection 2024.
Equitable and effective planning of urban park green spaces (UPGSs) is an important way to promote green and healthy urban development and improve citizens' quality of life. However, under the background of rapid urbanization, linear large cities, with their unique spatial forms and high-density population agglomerations, have brought special challenges for the planning and management of urban public green spaces. This study takes Lanzhou, a typical representative of high-density linear large cities in China, as a case study. Based on the improvement of the traditional Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area method (G2SFCA), combined with the Gini coefficient and the Lorentz curve, the social equity and spatial equity of UPGS supply-demand in the central urban area of Lanzhou were evaluated at the city and district scales. Meanwhile, the areas with shortage of UPGS supply-demand were accurately identified as the key areas for future optimization. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in the equity of UPGS supply-demand in the linear large Lanzhou at the social and spatial levels, and most UPGS resources are enjoyed by a few people; (2) The spatial accessibility of UPGSs has an obvious "string of beads" distribution Characteristics, and the areas with high accessibility are mainly concentrated along rivers; (3) The equity of UPGS supply-demand exhibits a spatial gradient effect, which is characterized by a circle distribution. From the inside to the outside, it is as follows: good supply-dense population, good supply-sparse population, supply shortage-dense population, supply shortage-sparse population. Finally, based on the concept of "progressive micro-regeneration" and the Location Allocation model (LA), the optimal sites for new UPGSs were determined, maximizing the equity of UPGS supply-demand. This provides a practical reference for relevant management departments to optimize park layouts in the future.
公平有效地规划城市公园绿地（UPGS）是促进绿色健康城市发展和提高市民生活质量的重要途径。然而，在快速城市化的背景下，线性大城市以其独特的空间形态和高密度的人口聚集，给城市公共绿地的规划和管理带来了特殊的挑战。本研究以中国典型的高密度线性大城市兰州为例，在改进传统高斯两步浮区法（G2SFCA）的基础上，结合基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线，从城市和城区尺度上评价了兰州中心城区 UPGS 供需的社会公平性和空间公平性，并准确识别出供需短缺的 UPGS 供应区域，作为未来优化的重点区域。结果表明：（1）线性大兰州 UPGS 供需在社会和空间层面存在显著差异，大部分 UPGS 资源由少数人享有；（2）UPGS 的空间可达性具有明显的“串珠”分布特征，高可达性区域主要集中在河流沿线；（3）UPGS 供需公平性表现出空间梯度效应，呈圆形分布。从内到外依次为：供给丰富-人口密集、供给丰富-人口稀疏、供给短缺-人口密集、供给短缺-人口稀疏。最后，基于“渐进式微更新”理念和位置分配模型（LA），确定了新 UPGS 的最优选址，最大程度地实现了 UPGS 供需公平性。这为相关管理部门未来优化公园布局提供了实际参考。
