School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
College of Architecture, Planning, and Public Affairs, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 31;17(7):2349. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072349.
The various benefits of urban green space are gaining increasing attention nowadays. Hence, the distribution of green space has become a scrutinized concern for spatial equity among local governments and the planning scholars. This study is the first quantitative evaluation of urban park accessibility using house-level data in urban China, from the perspective of social equity. We chose Nanjing as the empirical case and examined 2709 real estate units and 79 parks within the city. Accessibility is measured by the 10-min walking distance from homes to the adjacent urban parks. Using the Street Network Analysis model in ArcGIS and the statistical methods in SPSS, the result shows that 60.5% of the real estates in Nanjing are located within a 10-min walk to access urban parks. However, this accessibility is positively correlated with housing prices, and negatively correlated with the age of the buildings, holding all other factors constant. While affluent homeowners capture a high-quality green amenity, newly-built low-income communities, where most residents are classified as a vulnerable population, have the lowest percentage of accessible green space. This study reveals the existing spatial disparities of urban park accessibility among different socio-economic groups in Nanjing, China. Additionally, we found that urban redevelopment projects with greening and the large-scale affordable housing construction are pricing out the urban poor and rural immigrants from the inner city to the urban peripheral areas. This will reduce the accessibility to urban parks and other public service facilities among the lower income families, and exacerbate the inequality among the rich and the poor in terms of their quality of life. Main findings of this study can inform policy decisions regarding equitable park provision in the construction of the green city and the sustainable development in urban China and other developing countries.
城市绿地的各种好处如今越来越受到关注。因此，绿地的分布成为地方政府和规划学者关注的空间公平问题。本研究是首次从社会公平的角度，利用中国城市的住房数据对城市公园可达性进行定量评估。我们选择南京作为实证案例，研究了城市内的 79 个公园和 2709 个房地产单元。可达性通过从家庭到附近城市公园的 10 分钟步行距离来衡量。利用 ArcGIS 中的街道网络分析模型和 SPSS 中的统计方法，结果表明，南京有 60.5%的房地产位于到城市公园 10 分钟步行范围内。然而，这种可达性与房价呈正相关，与建筑物的年龄呈负相关，在其他所有因素保持不变的情况下。富裕的房主获得了高质量的绿色设施，而新建的低收入社区，即大多数居民被归类为弱势群体的社区，拥有的可达绿色空间比例最低。本研究揭示了中国南京不同社会经济群体之间城市公园可达性的现有空间差异。此外，我们发现，带有绿化的城市再开发项目和大规模的经济适用房建设将城市贫困人口和农村移民从市中心推向城市边缘地区。这将降低低收入家庭对城市公园和其他公共服务设施的可达性，并加剧贫富之间在生活质量方面的不平等。本研究的主要发现可以为中国和其他发展中国家在建设绿色城市和可持续发展过程中关于公平提供公园的政策决策提供信息。
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