Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Noise and Public Health, Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, UK.
Environ Int. 2023 Aug;178:107966. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107966. Epub 2023 May 13.
Noise pollution from transportation is one of the leading contributors to the environmental disease burden in Europe. We provide a novel assessment of spatial variations of these health impacts within a country, using England as an example.
We estimated the burden of annoyance (highly annoyed), sleep disturbance (highly sleep disturbed), ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and diabetes attributable to long-term transportation noise exposures in England for the adult population in 2018 down to local authority level (average adult population: 136,000). To derive estimates, we combined literature-informed exposure-response relationships, with population data on noise exposures, disease, and mortalities. Long-term average noise exposures from road, rail and aircraft were sourced from strategic noise mapping, with a lower exposure threshold of 50 dB (decibels) L and L.
40 %, 4.5 % and 4.8 % of adults in England were exposed to road, rail, and aircraft noise exceeding 50 dB L. We estimated close to a hundred thousand (∼97,000) disability adjusted life years (DALY) lost due to road-traffic, ∼13,000 from railway, and ∼ 17,000 from aircraft noise. This excludes some noise-outcome pairs as there were too few studies available to provide robust exposure-response estimates. Annoyance and sleep disturbance accounted for the majority of the DALYs, followed by strokes, IHD, and diabetes. London, the South East, and North West regions had the greatest number of road-traffic DALYs lost, while 63 % of all aircraft noise DALYs were found in London. The strategic noise mapping did not include all roads, which may still have significant traffic flows. In sensitivity analyses using modelled noise from all roads in London, the DALYs were 1.1x to 2.2x higher.
Transportation noise exposures contribute to a significant and unequal environmental disease burden in England. Omitting minor roads from the noise exposure modelling leads to underestimation of the disease burden.
交通噪音污染是欧洲环境疾病负担的主要因素之一。我们以英格兰为例，对该国国内这些健康影响的空间差异进行了新的评估。
我们估算了 2018 年英格兰成年人因长期交通噪声暴露而导致的烦恼（非常烦恼）、睡眠干扰（高度睡眠干扰）、缺血性心脏病（IHD）、中风和糖尿病的负担，下至地方当局一级（平均成年人口：136000 人）。为了得出这些估计值，我们将文献中启发的暴露-反应关系与噪声暴露、疾病和死亡率方面的人口数据相结合。道路交通、铁路和飞机的长期平均噪声暴露来自战略噪声测绘，其较低的暴露阈值为 50dB（分贝）L 和 L。
英格兰有 40%、4.5%和 4.8%的成年人暴露于道路交通、铁路和飞机噪声超过 50dB L。我们估计，由于道路交通，大约有十万（约 97000 人）残疾调整生命年（DALY）损失，约 13000 人来自铁路，约 17000 人来自飞机噪声。这排除了一些噪声-结果对，因为提供可靠的暴露-反应估计的研究太少。烦恼和睡眠干扰占 DALY 的大部分，其次是中风、IHD 和糖尿病。伦敦、东南和西北地区因道路交通失去的 DALY 最多，而伦敦则有 63%的所有飞机噪声 DALY。战略噪声测绘并未包括所有道路，这些道路仍可能有大量交通流量。在使用伦敦所有道路的模型化噪声进行的敏感性分析中，DALY 高出 1.1 至 2.2 倍。
交通噪声暴露导致英格兰环境疾病负担显著且不平等。在噪声暴露建模中忽略次要道路会导致疾病负担的低估。
