Nabi A H M Nurun, Ebihara Akio, Shekhar Hossain Uddin
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
World J Virol. 2023 Jun 25;12(3):151-171. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.151.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and mortality. The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 is still disputed. The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on several risk factors as observed in many studies. The severity of the disease depends on many factors including the viral strain, host immunogenetics, environmental factors, host genetics, host nutritional status and presence of comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, cardiovascular disease, renal impairment. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic individuals are intrinsically prone to infections. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes result in β-cell damage and cytokine storm. Damage to the cells impairs the equilibrium of glucose, leading to hyperglycemia. The ensuing cytokine storm causes insulin resistance, especially in the muscles and liver, which also causes a hyperglycemic state. All of these increase the severity of COVID-19. Genetics also play pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. This review article focuses from the probable sources of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 to its impacts on individuals with diabetes and host genetics in pre- and post-pandemic era.
由新型β冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行使全球陷入瘫痪，并导致大量发病和死亡。SARS-CoV-2的起源仍存在争议。正如许多研究所观察到的，感染SARS-CoV-2的风险取决于几个风险因素。疾病的严重程度取决于许多因素，包括病毒株、宿主免疫遗传学、环境因素、宿主遗传学、宿主营养状况以及是否存在如高血压、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心血管疾病、肾功能损害等合并症。糖尿病是一种主要以高血糖为特征的代谢紊乱疾病。糖尿病个体本身就容易感染。糖尿病患者感染SARS-CoV-2会导致β细胞损伤和细胞因子风暴。细胞受损会损害葡萄糖平衡，导致高血糖。随之而来的细胞因子风暴会导致胰岛素抵抗，尤其是在肌肉和肝脏中，这也会导致高血糖状态。所有这些都会增加COVID-19的严重程度。遗传学在疾病发病机制中也起着关键作用。这篇综述文章重点关注冠状病毒和SARS-CoV-2的可能来源，及其在大流行前和大流行后时代对糖尿病患者和宿主遗传学的影响。
