Kyathanahalli Chandrashekara, Snedden Madeline, Singh Lavisha, Regalia Camilla, Keenan-Devlin Lauren, Borders Ann E, Hirsch Emmet
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 15;10:1191938. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938. eCollection 2023.
Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth.
This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel.
TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants.
Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
人环曲病毒，包括细小病毒B19（TTV）和细小病毒B19微小病毒（TTMV），在普通人群中普遍存在且尚无已知致病性。我们调查了孕期血浆和唾液中TTV和TTMV的流行情况及病毒载量，并评估了它们与自然早产或医源性早产的关联。
这是对测量孕产妇应激（MOMS）研究的二次分析，该研究从美国4个地点（芝加哥、匹兹堡、圣安东尼奥和宾夕法尼亚农村地区）招募了744名单胎妊娠个体。孕中期（妊娠12⁰至20⁶/⁷周之间）进行基线门诊就诊，孕晚期（妊娠32⁰至35⁶/⁷周之间）进行随访就诊。在病例对照研究设计中，将因自然分娩和/或胎膜早破导致早产（<37周）的参与者（“sPTB”）与医源性早产（“iPTB”）或足月分娩的参与者（“对照”）进行比较。使用实时PCR检测孕中期和孕晚期采集的血浆和唾液样本中TTV和TTMV的存在情况及数量。通过自我报告获取人口统计学数据，通过经过培训的研究人员查阅病历获取临床数据。
81%（孕中期）和77%（孕晚期）的参与者血浆中检测到TTV，唾液中检测到TTV的比例分别为64%和60%。TTMV在血浆中的相应检测率分别为59%和41%，在唾液中的检测率分别为35%和24%。匹配的血浆和唾液样本中TTV和TTMV浓度相似。各组（sPTB、iPTB和对照）之间TTV的流行率和浓度无显著差异。然而，孕晚期血浆中的TTMV与sPTB及更早的分娩孕周相关。iPTB组与sPTB组或对照组无差异。在唾液中，三组中TTV和TTMV的浓度相似。TTV和TTMV的流行率均随产次增加而升高，与非西班牙裔白人参与者相比，在黑人及西班牙裔参与者中更常见。
孕晚期环曲病毒（特别是TTMV）的存在可能与早产有关。这种关联是否具有因果关系仍有待确定。
