Park Jaekeun, Song Chang-Seon, Chung David Hyunjung, Choi Sangyong, Kwon Junghoon, Youk Sungsu, Lee Dong-Hun
College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 15;10:1158233. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158233. eCollection 2023.
Eurasian-lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have spread throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and most recently, North and South America. These viruses are independently evolving into genetically and antigenically divergent clades, and broad-spectrum vaccines protecting against these divergent clades are needed. In this study, we developed a chimeric virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine co-expressing hemagglutinins from two clades (clades 1 and 2.3.2.1) of HPAI H5 viruses and performed comparative cross-clade hemagglutination inhibition (HI) analysis in chickens and ducks. The chimeric VLP immunization induced a significantly broader spectrum of antibodies against various clades of HPAI H5 viruses than monovalent VLPs both in chickens and ducks. While the chimeric VLP led to broadened antibody responses in both species, significantly lower levels of HI antibodies were elicited in ducks than in chickens. Moreover, boost immunization failed to increase antibody responses in ducks regardless of the VLPs used, in contrast to chickens that showed significantly enhanced antibody responses upon boost immunization. These results suggest (1) the potential application of the chimeric VLP technology in poultry to help control HPAI H5 viruses by offering broader antibody responses against antigenically different strains and (2) possible obstacles in generating high levels of antibody responses against HPAI H5 viruses in ducks via vaccination, implying the need for advanced vaccination strategies for ducks.
欧亚谱系高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5病毒已蔓延至亚洲、中东、欧洲、非洲，最近还传播到了南北美洲。这些病毒正在独立演化为基因和抗原性不同的分支，因此需要能抵御这些不同分支的广谱疫苗。在本研究中，我们开发了一种嵌合病毒样颗粒（VLP）疫苗，该疫苗共表达来自HPAI H5病毒两个分支（分支1和2.3.2.1）的血凝素，并在鸡和鸭中进行了比较性跨分支血凝抑制（HI）分析。与单价VLP相比，嵌合VLP免疫在鸡和鸭中均诱导产生了针对HPAI H5病毒各分支的明显更广泛的抗体谱。虽然嵌合VLP在两种动物中均引发了更广泛的抗体反应，但鸭产生的HI抗体水平明显低于鸡。此外，与鸡在加强免疫后抗体反应显著增强相反，无论使用何种VLP，鸭的加强免疫均未能增加抗体反应。这些结果表明：（1）嵌合VLP技术在禽类中具有潜在应用价值，可通过提供针对抗原性不同毒株的更广泛抗体反应来帮助控制HPAI H5病毒；（2）通过疫苗接种在鸭中产生针对HPAI H5病毒的高水平抗体反应可能存在障碍，这意味着需要针对鸭的先进疫苗接种策略。
