Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Muhammadiyah Lamongan, Lamongan, Indonesia.
PeerJ. 2023 Jun 28;11:e15072. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15072. eCollection 2023.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities receive more complex drug therapy. This increases the probability of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs). Studies on pDDIs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in countries with limited resources like Indonesia during the later period of the disease are still limited. This study aims to identify the pattern of pDDIs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities and their associated factors, especially in the second wave of the disease in Indonesia.
This study was a longitudinal-retrospective study observing hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities using medical record data in June-August 2021 at a public hospital in a region in Indonesia. pDDIs were identified using the Lexicomp database. Data were descriptively analyzed. Factors associated with important pDDIs were analyzed in multivariate logistic regression model.
A total of 258 patients with a mean age of 56.99 ± 11.94 years met the inclusion criteria. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity experienced by 58.14% of the patients. More than 70% of the patients had one comorbidity and the average number of administered drugs was 9.55 ± 2.71 items per patient. Type D pDDIs, which required modification of therapeutic regimens, amounted to 21.55% of the total interactions. Only the number of drugs was significantly and independently associated with type D pDDIs (adjusted odds ratio 1.47 [1.23-1.75], < 0.01).
The drugs involved in the pDDIs of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities may differ depending on the disease periods, hospital settings, or countries. This study was small, single center, and of short duration. However, it may give a glimpse of important pDDIs during the delta variant of COVID-19 in a similar limited-resource setting. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical significance of these pDDIs.
患有合并症的住院 COVID-19 患者接受更复杂的药物治疗。这增加了潜在药物相互作用（pDDI）的可能性。在疾病后期，在资源有限的国家（如印度尼西亚），针对患有 COVID-19 的住院患者的 pDDI 的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在确定患有合并症的住院 COVID-19 患者的 pDDI 模式及其相关因素，特别是在印度尼西亚疾病的第二波中。
这是一项纵向回顾性研究，使用印度尼西亚某地区一家公立医院 2021 年 6 月至 8 月的病历数据观察患有合并症的住院 COVID-19 患者。使用 Lexicomp 数据库确定 pDDI。对数据进行描述性分析。使用多变量逻辑回归模型分析与重要 pDDI 相关的因素。
共有 258 名平均年龄为 56.99 ± 11.94 岁的患者符合纳入标准。糖尿病是最常见的合并症，占 58.14%的患者。超过 70%的患者有一个合并症，平均每位患者给予的药物种类为 9.55 ± 2.71 种。需要调整治疗方案的 D 型 pDDI 占总相互作用的 21.55%。只有药物数量与 D 型 pDDI 显著独立相关（调整后的优势比 1.47 [1.23-1.75]，<0.01）。
患有合并症的住院 COVID-19 患者的 pDDI 中涉及的药物可能因疾病阶段、医院环境或国家而异。本研究规模较小，为单中心，且持续时间较短。然而，它可能为在资源有限的环境中研究 COVID-19 的 delta 变异株期间的重要 pDDI 提供了一些线索。需要进一步的研究来确认这些 pDDI 的临床意义。
