Taha Ahmed E, Amer Ibrahim, Sharawy Shimaa El, Ghazy Amany A
Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Viruses. 2025 Mar 6;17(3):378. doi: 10.3390/v17030378.
It is essential to comprehend the humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its vaccines to maximize the effectiveness of anti-SARSCoV-2 community immunization efforts. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among newcomer students at Kafr Elsheikh University in Egypt, whether they had been vaccinated or not. Blood samples from 400 healthy newcomer students (200 non-vaccinated and 200 vaccinated) were evaluated for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG using colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow immunoassay cards, and then the results were confirmed by using specific ELISA tests. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among the participants ( = 400) was 56.3% for IgG and 13.3% for IgM. Regarding the non-vaccinated participants, 55.0% were females, the mean age was 18.2 years, and the mean BMI was 25.35. Regarding the vaccinated participants, 58.5% were females, the mean age was 18.1 years, and the mean BMI was 25.3. There were statistically non-significant correlations ( ˃ 0.05) between gender, BMI, and each of IgM- or IgG-positivity in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. In total, 41.5% and 48.5% of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive participants were non-vaccinated, respectively. Furthermore, 58.5% and 51.5% of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive participants were vaccinated, respectively. No statistically significant association ( ˃ 0.05) in immunoglobulins positivity between the anti-SARS-CoV-2 non-vaccinated, and vaccinated groups. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunological response of nonsmokers, people who exercise regularly, and those who take vitamin supplements, eat a balanced diet, and use certain herbs is noteworthy. Among the vaccinated subjects, 96.6%, 25.0%, 31.9%, 45.7%, and 7.8% of the IgG-positive group, versus 97.2%, 60.6%, 64.2%, 52.3%, and 6.4% of the IgG-positive non-vaccinated group, were nonsmokers, exercisers, and those taking vitamin supplements, eating a balanced diet, and using herbs, respectively. Furthermore, 93.5%, 32.3%, 35.5%, 48.4%, and 6.5% of the IgM-positive vaccinated group, versus 100.0%, 63.6%, 81.8%, 45.5%, and 4.5% of the IgM-positive non-vaccinated participants, were nonsmokers, physical exercisers, vitamin supplement users, balanced eaters, and herbalists, respectively. Persons who are free from comorbidities, young, non-obese, non-smokers, engage in physical exercise, take vitamins, eat a balanced diet, and use certain immunostimulant herbal supplements, all have a strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response, even if they were not vaccinated. During pandemics, vaccination of this group should not be a priority to preserve vaccine doses for high-risk vulnerable people. Even if there is a lockdown during an anticipated future epidemic or pandemic, we should prioritize healthy eating and lifestyle choices, along with increasing physical activity.
为了最大限度地提高抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）群体免疫工作的有效性，理解对SARS-CoV-2及其疫苗的体液免疫反应至关重要。这项横断面研究的目的是确定埃及卡夫勒谢赫大学新生中抗SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG的血清流行率，无论他们是否接种过疫苗。使用胶体金免疫层析侧向流动免疫分析卡对400名健康新生（200名未接种疫苗者和200名接种疫苗者）的血样进行抗SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG检测，然后使用特异性ELISA试验确认结果。参与者（n = 400）中抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的流行率为IgG 56.3%，IgM 13.3%。未接种疫苗的参与者中，55.0%为女性，平均年龄为18.2岁，平均BMI为25.35。接种疫苗的参与者中，58.5%为女性，平均年龄为18.1岁，平均BMI为25.3。在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的组中，性别、BMI与IgM或IgG阳性之间均无统计学显著相关性（P＞0.05）。抗SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性参与者和抗SARS-CoV-2 IgG阳性参与者中分别有41.5%和48.5%未接种疫苗。此外，抗SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性参与者和抗SARS-CoV-2 IgG阳性参与者中分别有58.5%和51.5%接种了疫苗。抗SARS-CoV-2未接种疫苗组和接种疫苗组之间在免疫球蛋白阳性方面无统计学显著关联（P＞0.05）。不吸烟者、经常锻炼者以及服用维生素补充剂、饮食均衡且使用某些草药的人对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应值得关注。在接种疫苗的受试者中，IgG阳性组中不吸烟者、锻炼者、服用维生素补充剂者、饮食均衡者以及使用草药者分别占96.6%、25.0%、31.9%、45.7%和7.8%，而IgG阳性未接种疫苗组中分别占97.2%、60.6%、64.2%、52.3%和6.4%。此外，IgM阳性接种疫苗组中不吸烟者、体育锻炼者、维生素补充剂使用者、饮食均衡者以及草药使用者分别占93.5%、32.3%、35.5%、48.4%和6.5%，而IgM阳性未接种疫苗参与者中分别占100.0%、63.6%、81.8%、45.5%和4.5%。无合并症、年轻、非肥胖、不吸烟、进行体育锻炼、服用维生素、饮食均衡且使用某些免疫刺激草药补充剂的人，即使未接种疫苗，也都有较强的抗SARS-CoV-2体液免疫反应。在大流行期间，不应优先为该群体接种疫苗，以便为高危易感人群保留疫苗剂量。即使在未来预期的疫情或大流行期间实施封锁，我们也应优先选择健康的饮食和生活方式，并增加体育活动。
