Baker Melissa N, Merkley Eric
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jun 15;14:1163570. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163570. eCollection 2023.
Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are threats to sufficient response to the COVID-19 pandemic and public health efforts more broadly. We focus on personal characteristics, specifically personality, to explain what types of people are resistant to COVID-19 vaccination and how the influence of these traits changed as circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. We use a large survey of over 40,000 Canadians between November 2020 and July 2021 to examine the relationship between personality and vaccine hesitancy and refusal. We find that all five facets of the Big-5 (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality) are associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Three facets (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness) tended to decline in importance as the vaccination rate and COVID-19 cases grew. Two facets (extraversion and negative emotionality) maintained or increased in their importance as pandemic circumstances changed. This study highlights the influence of personal characteristics on vaccine hesitancy and refusal and the need for additional study on foundational explanations of these behaviors. It calls for additional research on the dynamics of personal characteristics in explaining vaccine hesitancy and refusal. The influence of personality may not be immutable.
疫苗犹豫和拒绝行为对有效应对新冠疫情以及更广泛的公共卫生努力构成了威胁。我们聚焦于个人特质，特别是人格特质，来解释哪些类型的人对新冠疫苗接种持抵触态度，以及随着新冠疫情形势的演变，这些特质的影响是如何变化的。我们在2020年11月至2021年7月期间对4万多名加拿大人进行了大规模调查，以研究人格特质与疫苗犹豫和拒绝行为之间的关系。我们发现，大五人格特质（开放性、尽责性、外向性、宜人性和负性情绪）的所有五个方面都与拒绝接种新冠疫苗有关。随着疫苗接种率和新冠病例数的增加，其中三个方面（宜人性、尽责性和开放性）的重要性趋于下降。随着疫情形势的变化，另外两个方面（外向性和负性情绪）的重要性保持不变或有所增加。本研究强调了个人特质对疫苗犹豫和拒绝行为的影响，以及对这些行为的基础解释进行更多研究的必要性。它呼吁对解释疫苗犹豫和拒绝行为的个人特质动态进行更多研究。人格特质的影响可能并非一成不变。
