School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 16;11:1053940. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1053940. eCollection 2023.
War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience and coping indicators were compared with the responses of an Israeli sample following an armed conflict in May 2021. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Ukrainian residents ( = 1,001) responded to an online questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was employed regarding geographic distribution, gender, and age. The data concerning the Israeli population ( = 647) were also collected by an internet panel company during a recent armed conflict with Gaza (May 2021). Three notable results emerged in this study: (a) The Ukrainian sample reported significantly higher levels of the following: Distress symptoms, sense of danger, and perceived threats, compared with the Israeli sample. However, despite these harsh feelings, the Ukrainian respondents reported substantially higher levels of hope and societal resilience compared, to their Israeli counterparts, and somewhat higher individual and community resilience. (b) The protective factors of the respondents in Ukraine (level of hope, wellbeing, and morale), predicted the three types of resilience (individual, community, and social) better than the vulnerability factors (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and level of threats). (c) The best predictors of the three types of resilience were hope and wellbeing. (d) The demographic characteristics of the Ukrainian respondents hardly added to the prediction of the three types of resilience. It appears that a war that threatens the independence and sovereignty of a country may, under certain conditions, enhance the societal resilience and hope of the population under risk, despite a lower sense of wellbeing and higher levels of distress, sense of danger, and perceived threats.
战争或武装冲突是最严重的人为灾难之一。本研究考察了当前俄罗斯-乌克兰战争期间乌克兰平民样本的韧性、保护和脆弱性因素。将韧性和应对指标的水平与 2021 年 5 月以色列武装冲突后以色列样本的反应进行了比较。数据由互联网小组公司收集。一个有代表性的乌克兰居民样本（n=1001）回答了在线问卷。采用分层抽样方法，考虑地理分布、性别和年龄。有关以色列人口的数据（n=647）也是在最近与加沙的武装冲突期间（2021 年 5 月）由互联网小组公司收集的。本研究有三个显著结果：（a）与以色列样本相比，乌克兰样本报告了明显更高水平的以下方面：痛苦症状、危险感和感知威胁。然而，尽管有这些恶劣的感觉，但乌克兰受访者报告的希望和社会韧性水平大大高于他们的以色列对应者，并且在个人和社区韧性方面也略高。（b）乌克兰受访者的保护因素（希望、幸福感和士气水平）比脆弱性因素（危险感、痛苦症状和威胁水平）更好地预测了三种类型的韧性（个人、社区和社会）。（c）三种类型的韧性的最佳预测指标是希望和幸福感。（d）乌克兰受访者的人口特征几乎无法增加对三种类型的韧性的预测。看来，一场威胁一个国家独立和主权的战争，在某些情况下，可能会增强处于危险中的人口的社会韧性和希望，尽管幸福感较低，痛苦、危险感和感知威胁水平较高。
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