Forster J L, Jeffery R W
Addict Behav. 1986;11(2):141-7. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(86)90039-0.
Fifty-five men and 58 women participating in a behavioral weight loss program were studied to determine sex differences in weight history, eating patterns, efficacy expectations, self-esteem, weight loss and maintenance. Weight history, eating patterns, and psychological variables were further analyzed to identify factors associated with weight change. Women reported more previous dieting experience and a higher degree of overweight at age 25 than men. Women also reported more eating in response to mood and lower self-efficacy prior to participation in this program, while men reported more eating in social situations. Women's self-efficacy rose during treatment, but men's did not. Short-term weight loss was not related to sex, but women were more successful in maintaining weight loss. Degree of overweight at age 25 and prior program participation were inversely related to weight loss success. Self-efficacy in social situations was positively associated in men with short-term weight loss. For men, eating frequency in various moods at post-treatment negatively predicted weight maintenance, and self-efficacy in controlling mood-related eating was positively associated with weight maintenance. We conclude that men and women differ importantly along several dimensions with regard to weight history and response to treatment. These differences may have implications for treatment of overweight.
对55名男性和58名女性参与的一项行为减肥计划进行了研究，以确定体重史、饮食模式、疗效期望、自尊、体重减轻和维持方面的性别差异。进一步分析体重史、饮食模式和心理变量，以确定与体重变化相关的因素。女性报告称，与男性相比，她们以前有更多的节食经历，25岁时超重程度更高。女性还报告说，在参加该计划之前，她们更多地因情绪而进食，自我效能感较低，而男性则报告说在社交场合进食更多。女性的自我效能感在治疗期间有所提高，但男性没有。短期体重减轻与性别无关，但女性在维持体重减轻方面更成功。25岁时的超重程度和之前参与计划的情况与减肥成功呈负相关。社交场合中的自我效能感在男性中与短期体重减轻呈正相关。对于男性来说，治疗后在各种情绪下的进食频率对体重维持有负面预测作用，而控制与情绪相关进食的自我效能感与体重维持呈正相关。我们得出结论，男性和女性在体重史和对治疗的反应的几个方面存在重要差异。这些差异可能对超重治疗有影响。
