French S A, Jeffery R W, Wing R R
Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis.
Addict Behav. 1994 Mar-Apr;19(2):147-58. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90039-6.
The present study examines whether sex differences in behavioral and psychological variables related to weight control are explained by sex differences in weight standards and prior history of dieting. The predictive value of these sex differences for subsequent outcome in a behavioral weight-loss program was also examined. Women (N = 88) reported (a) more dieting behavior (both past and present), (b) leaner standards of desired weight, (c) more knowledge of weight-loss methods and nutrition, and (d) more motivational barriers to weight control than men (N = 98). Men reported (a) more knowledge barriers to weight control, and (b) higher levels of physical activity. Sex differences in motivational barriers, nutrition knowledge, and some of the weight-loss behaviors were eliminated by controlling statistically for weight standards and dieting history. Weight losses at 6, 12, and 18 months were consistently related to only two of the variables discriminating between men and women. Positive eating behaviors, such as eating diet foods and limiting food quantity, were prospectively related to less weight loss. Stimulus-control eating behaviors, such as eating only in one location, were prospectively related to greater weight loss. Men and women differed little in weight loss success. Since few behavioral and psychological variables were related to weight loss, different emphases in weight-loss treatments for men and women are not clearly indicated.
本研究探讨与体重控制相关的行为和心理变量中的性别差异是否可由体重标准和节食史的性别差异来解释。还考察了这些性别差异对行为减肥计划后续结果的预测价值。女性（N = 88）报告称，与男性（N = 98）相比，她们（a）有更多的节食行为（过去和现在），（b）期望体重的标准更瘦，（c）对减肥方法和营养的了解更多，以及（d）在体重控制方面有更多的动机障碍。男性报告称，（a）在体重控制方面有更多的知识障碍，以及（b）身体活动水平更高。通过对体重标准和节食史进行统计控制，动机障碍、营养知识和一些减肥行为中的性别差异得以消除。6个月、12个月和18个月时的体重减轻仅与区分男性和女性的两个变量始终相关。积极的饮食行为，如食用减肥食品和限制食物量，与较少的体重减轻呈前瞻性相关。刺激控制饮食行为，如只在一个地方进食，与更大的体重减轻呈前瞻性相关。男性和女性在减肥成功方面差异不大。由于很少有行为和心理变量与体重减轻相关，因此未明确表明对男性和女性的减肥治疗应有所不同。
