尼日利亚卫生工作者的乙肝疫苗接种状况：2021年1月至6月的全国性调查
Hepatitis B vaccination status among health workers in Nigeria: a nationwide survey between January to June 2021.
作者信息
Issa Amudalat, Ayoola Yekeen Ayodele, Abdulkadir Mohammed Baba, Ibrahim Rasheed Olayinka, Oseni Tijani Idris Ahmad, Abdullahi Musa, Ibraheem Rasheedat Mobolaji, Lawal Aishat Funmi, Dele-Ojo Bolade Folasade, Owolabi Bilkis Iyabo, Echieh Chidiebere Peter
机构信息
Department of Paediatrics, Children Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.
出版信息
Arch Public Health. 2023 Jul 4;81(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01142-y.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis B vaccination is the most important preventive measure against Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Vaccination against HBV infection among healthcare workers is important because of their daily exposure to patients' body fluids and the possible risk of transmission to other patients. Hence, this study assessed the risk of hepatitis B infection, vaccination status and associated factors among healthcare workers in six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
METHODS
A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2021 using electronic data capture techniques to enroll 857 healthcare workers (HCWs) in regular contact with patients and their samples through a multi-stage sampling method.
RESULTS
The participants' mean (SD) age was 38.7 (8.0) years, and 453 (52.9%) were female. Each of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria had a fair representation, with a range of 15.3 to 17.7% of the study population. The majority (83.8%) of healthcare workers in Nigeria knew that they were at an increased risk of being infected by their work. Also, 72.2% knew that if infected, there was a high risk of liver cancer in later life. Many participants (642 [74.9%]) responded that they consistently applied standard precautions, such as hand washing, gloves, and face masks while attending to patients. Three hundred and sixty (42.0%) participants were fully vaccinated. Of the 857 respondents, 248 (28.9%) did not receive any dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Factors that were associated with not being vaccinated included age less than 25 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.796, 95% CI 1.119 to 20.547, p = 0.035], being a nurse (AOR 2.346, 95% CI 1.446 to 3.808, p = 0.010), being a health attendant (AOR 9.225, 95% CI 4.532 to 18.778, p = 0.010), and being a healthcare worker from the Southeast (AOR 2.152, 95% CI 1.186 to 3.904, p = 0.012) in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION
This study showed a high level of awareness of the risks associated with hepatitis B infection and suboptimal uptake of the hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers in Nigeria.
背景
乙肝疫苗接种是预防乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的最重要措施。医护人员接种乙肝疫苗很重要，因为他们日常接触患者体液，存在传播给其他患者的潜在风险。因此，本研究评估了尼日利亚六个地缘政治区医护人员的乙肝感染风险、疫苗接种状况及相关因素。
方法
2021年1月至6月开展了一项全国性横断面研究，采用电子数据采集技术，通过多阶段抽样方法招募857名经常接触患者及其样本的医护人员（HCW）。
结果
参与者的平均（标准差）年龄为38.7（8.0）岁，453名（52.9%）为女性。尼日利亚六个地缘政治区均有合理的代表性，占研究人群的15.3%至17.7%。尼日利亚大多数（83.8%）医护人员知道他们工作中感染风险增加。此外，72.2%的人知道如果感染，晚年患肝癌风险很高。许多参与者（642名[74.9%]）回答说，他们在照顾患者时始终采取标准预防措施，如洗手、戴手套和口罩。360名（42.0%）参与者已完全接种疫苗。在857名受访者中，248名（28.9%）未接种任何一剂乙肝疫苗。未接种疫苗的相关因素包括年龄小于25岁[调整优势比（AOR）4.796，95%置信区间1.119至20.547，p = 0.035]、是护士（AOR 2.346，95%置信区间1.446至3.808，p = 0.010）、是卫生员（AOR 9.225，95%置信区间4.532至18.778，p = 0.010）以及是尼日利亚东南部的医护人员（AOR 2.152，95%置信区间1.186至3.904，p = 0.012）。
结论
本研究表明，尼日利亚医护人员对乙肝感染相关风险的认知水平较高，但乙肝疫苗接种率未达最佳水平。
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