Singh Balbir B, Ward Michael P, Dhand Navneet K
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia.
Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
One Health. 2023 Jun 28;17:100596. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100596. eCollection 2023 Dec.
The interplay between agent-host-environment characteristics is responsible for the emergence and zoonotic potential of infectious disease pathogens. Many studies have investigated key agent characteristics and environmental factors responsible for these phenomena. However, little is known about the role played by host characteristics in zoonoses, disease emergence and the ability of pathogens to infect multiple hosts. We compiled a dataset of 8114 vertebrate host-agent interactions from published literature. Multiple host characteristics and the pathogen's zoonotic, emergence and multi-host potential were then linked to the dataset. The associations between zoonotic, emerging human pathogen and multi-host pathogenicity and several host characteristics were explored using logistic regression models. The numbers of publications and sequences from the agent-host combinations were used to control for the research effort. Hosts in the class Aves (odds ratio [OR] 20.87, 95% CI 2.66-163.97) and Mammalia (OR 26.09, 95% CI 3.34-203.87) were more likely to host a zoonotic pathogen compared to the class Amphibia. Similarly, hosts having Bursa fabricii (i.e., birds) (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3) were more likely to host an emerging human pathogen. The odds of being a zoonotic pathogen were highest when the host female required a greater number of days for maturity, and the pathogen was able to affect a greater number of host species. In contrast, the hosts from which a higher number of pathogens were reported were less likely (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.31-0.49) to be associated with an emerging human pathogen. The odds of an emerging human pathogen were highest when the host had a higher adult body mass, and the specific pathogen could affect more host species. The odds of a pathogen infecting multiple hosts were highest when a host had shorter female maturity days (>670-2830 days) and lower birth/hatching weight (>42.2-995 g) compared to longer female maturity days (>2830-6940 days) and greater birth/hatching weight (>3.31-1160 kg). We conclude that several host characteristics - such as mass, maturity, immune system and pathogen permissiveness- are linked with zoonoses, disease emergence or multi-host pathogenicity. These findings can contribute to preparedness for emerging infections and zoonotic diseases.
病原体-宿主-环境特征之间的相互作用是传染病病原体出现及人畜共患病潜力的原因。许多研究调查了导致这些现象的关键病原体特征和环境因素。然而，关于宿主特征在人畜共患病、疾病出现以及病原体感染多个宿主的能力中所起的作用，我们知之甚少。我们从已发表的文献中汇编了一个包含8114种脊椎动物宿主-病原体相互作用的数据集。然后将多种宿主特征以及病原体的人畜共患病、出现及多宿主潜力与该数据集相关联。使用逻辑回归模型探索人畜共患病、新出现的人类病原体以及多宿主致病性与几种宿主特征之间的关联。病原体-宿主组合的出版物数量和序列数量用于控制研究工作量。与两栖纲相比，鸟纲（优势比[OR]20.87，95%置信区间2.66 - 163.97）和哺乳纲（OR 26.09，95%置信区间3.34 - 203.87）的宿主更有可能携带人畜共患病病原体。同样，具有法氏囊的宿主（即鸟类）（OR 1.8，95%置信区间1.4 - 2.3）更有可能携带新出现的人类病原体。当宿主雌性达到成熟所需天数更多且病原体能够感染更多宿主物种时，成为人畜共患病病原体的几率最高。相比之下，报告的病原体数量较多的宿主与新出现的人类病原体相关的可能性较小（OR 0.39，95%置信区间0.31 - 0.49）。当宿主成年体重较高且特定病原体能够感染更多宿主物种时，新出现的人类病原体的几率最高。与雌性成熟天数较长（>2830 - 6940天）且出生/孵化体重较大（>3.31 - 1160千克）相比，当宿主雌性成熟天数较短（>670 - 2830天）且出生/孵化体重较低（>42.2 - 995克）时，病原体感染多个宿主的几率最高。我们得出结论，几种宿主特征——如体重、成熟度、免疫系统和病原体易感性——与人畜共患病、疾病出现或多宿主致病性相关。这些发现有助于为新出现的感染和人畜共患病做好准备。
