Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2023 Oct 16;403:110297. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110297. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is an emergent foodborne and zoonotic Salmonella serovar with critical implications for global health. In recent years, the prevalence of S. Infantis infections has increased in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, due to contaminated chicken and other foods. An essential trait of S. Infantis is its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the critically important third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones, undermining effective medical treatment, particularly in low-resource settings. We describe the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Infantis, focusing on humans, animals, the environment, and food. We conducted a systematic review (1979-2021), selected 183 studies, and analyzed the origin, source, antimicrobial resistance, and presence of a conjugative plasmid of emerging S. Infantis (pESI) in reported isolates. S. Infantis has been detected worldwide, with a substantial increase since 2011. We found the highest number of isolations in the Americas (42.9 %), Europe (29.8 %), Western Pacific (17.2 %), Eastern Mediterranean (6.6 %), Africa (3.4 %), and South-East Asia (0.1 %). S. Infantis showed MDR patterns and numerous resistant genes in all sources. The primary source of MDR S. Infantis is broiler and their meat; however, this emerging pathogen is also present in other reservoirs such as food, wildlife, and the environment. Clinical cases of MDR S. Infantis have been reported in children and adults. The global emergence of S. Infantis is related to a plasmid (pESI) with antibiotic and arsenic- and mercury-resistance genes. Additionally, a new megaplasmid (pESI-like), carrying bla and antibiotic-resistant genes reported in an ancestral version, was detected in the broiler, human, and chicken meat isolates. Strains harboring pESI-like were primarily observed in the Americas and Europe. MDR S. Infantis has spread globally, potentially becoming a major public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
婴儿沙门氏菌血清型是一种新兴的食源性病原体和动物源性沙门氏菌血清型，对全球健康具有重要影响。近年来，由于受污染的鸡肉和其他食物，美国、欧洲和拉丁美洲的婴儿沙门氏菌感染率有所上升。婴儿沙门氏菌的一个重要特征是对多种抗生素具有耐药性，包括至关重要的第三代头孢菌素和喹诺酮类药物，这破坏了有效的医疗治疗，特别是在资源匮乏的环境中。我们描述了多重耐药（MDR）婴儿沙门氏菌的出现，重点关注人类、动物、环境和食物。我们进行了一项系统评价（1979-2021 年），选择了 183 项研究，并分析了报告分离株中新兴婴儿沙门氏菌（pESI）的起源、来源、抗生素耐药性和存在可移动质粒。婴儿沙门氏菌已在全球范围内被检测到，自 2011 年以来，其数量显著增加。我们发现，在美洲（42.9%）、欧洲（29.8%）、西太平洋（17.2%）、东地中海（6.6%）、非洲（3.4%）和东南亚（0.1%）的分离株数量最多。婴儿沙门氏菌在所有来源中均表现出 MDR 模式和多种耐药基因。MDR 婴儿沙门氏菌的主要来源是肉鸡及其肉类；然而，这种新兴病原体也存在于其他宿主中，如食物、野生动物和环境。已在儿童和成人中报告了 MDR 婴儿沙门氏菌的临床病例。全球婴儿沙门氏菌的出现与一种具有抗生素和砷、汞耐药基因的质粒（pESI）有关。此外，在肉鸡、人类和鸡肉分离株中还检测到了一种新的巨型质粒（pESI-like），其携带 bla 和抗生素耐药基因，在原始版本中已有报道。携带 pESI-like 的菌株主要在美洲和欧洲观察到。MDR 婴儿沙门氏菌已在全球范围内传播，可能成为一个主要的公共卫生威胁，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。
