Abbasi Ebrahim, Daliri Salman, Yazdani Zahra, Mohseni Shokrollah, Mohammadyan Ghulamraza, Seyed Hosseini Seyedeh Niloofar, Haghighi Reza Nasiri
Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Dept. of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 19;9(6):e17219. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17219. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Pediculosis is one of the most common annoying infections caused by parasitic lice in humans. Pyrethroids are one of the main insecticides used to treat this infection. But recently, due to the Resistance of lice to this group of insecticides, its insecticidal effects have been affected. The present study was conducted through a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance against these insecticides worldwide.
This study was conducted as a meta-analysis of the prevalence of treatment resistance in human head lice against pyrethroid insecticides worldwide. Based on this, all articles published without a time limit until the end of June 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were extracted and using random-effects meta-analysis model statistical methods in the meta-analysis, Cochrane, Index I and funnel plot were analyzed by STATA software.
Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis process. According to this, the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance insecticides in human head lice was estimated at 59% (CI95%: 50%-68%). Among pyrethroid insecticides, the highest prevalence of pyrethroid resistance against permethrin insecticide was 65%. Regarding the prevalence of Resistance by year, the prevalence before 2004 was estimated at 33%, but after 2015, this rate reached 82%. Also, the majority of pyrethroid resistance was estimated at 68% using genetic diagnosis methods and 43% using clinical diagnosis methods.
More than half of human head lice pyrethroid resistance insecticides. Based on this, it is recommended that before using this treatment method to treat human head lice Infestation, it should investigate the prevalence of pyrethroid resistance in that area, and if the majority of Resistance is high, alternative or combined treatment methods should be used.
头虱病是人类最常见的由寄生虱引起的恼人感染之一。拟除虫菊酯是用于治疗这种感染的主要杀虫剂之一。但最近，由于虱子对这类杀虫剂产生了抗性，其杀虫效果受到了影响。本研究通过荟萃分析来调查全球范围内虱子对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性流行情况。
本研究作为对全球人头虱对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂治疗抗性流行情况的荟萃分析开展。据此，提取了截至2022年6月底在PubMed/MEDLINE、科学网（ISI）、Scopus和谷歌学术数据库中不限时间发表的所有文章，并在荟萃分析中使用随机效应荟萃分析模型统计方法，通过STATA软件对Cochrane、Index I和漏斗图进行分析。
荟萃分析过程纳入了20项研究。据此，人头虱对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性流行率估计为59%（95%置信区间：50%-68%）。在拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂中，对氯菊酯杀虫剂的拟除虫菊酯抗性流行率最高，为65%。关于按年份划分的抗性流行率，2004年之前的流行率估计为33%，但2015年之后，这一比率达到了82%。此外，使用基因诊断方法估计的拟除虫菊酯抗性多数为68%，使用临床诊断方法估计为43%。
超过一半的人头虱对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性。据此，建议在使用这种治疗方法治疗人头虱感染之前，应调查该地区拟除虫菊酯抗性的流行情况，如果多数抗性较高，应使用替代或联合治疗方法。
