Abbasi Ebrahim
Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Jun 10;87(8):5003-5011. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003469. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) remain a significant global public health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Traditional vector control methods, particularly chemical insecticides, face increasing limitations due to the rapid evolution of resistance and environmental concerns.
This review explores recent advancements in vector control, focusing on the integration of genomic, biological, and chemical strategies as innovative solutions to address these challenges. These methods include genomic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated systems, biological interventions like Wolbachia-based strategies and sterile insect techniques (SIT), and chemical innovations involving insecticides with novel modes of action and advanced delivery systems.
Genomic strategies like CRISPR/Cas9 gene drives show significant potential for precisely targeting vector reproduction and pathogen spread but face ecological and ethical hurdles to widespread use. Successful biological interventions, such as Wolbachia and SIT, have proven effective in reducing vector populations, yet they demand strong community involvement and ongoing funding for scalability. Additionally, innovative chemical solutions, including new insecticides and delivery methods, tackle resistance issues while reducing environmental harm, with techniques like microencapsulation and synergists improving sustainability.
This review highlights the importance of Integrated Vector Management (IVM) frameworks that combine genomic, biological, and chemical strategies. These integrated approaches maximize synergies while mitigating the limitations of individual methods. Key findings emphasize the potential of integrated approaches to achieve sustainable reductions in vector populations and disease transmission. However, significant challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, long-term effectiveness data, and considerations of ecological risks and climate change impacts.
媒介传播疾病仍然是一项重大的全球公共卫生挑战，对低收入和中等收入国家的影响尤为严重。传统的媒介控制方法，尤其是化学杀虫剂，由于抗药性的迅速演变和环境问题，面临着越来越多的限制。
本综述探讨了媒介控制的最新进展，重点关注基因组、生物和化学策略的整合，将其作为应对这些挑战的创新解决方案。这些方法包括基因组工具，如CRISPR/Cas9介导系统；生物干预措施，如基于沃尔巴克氏体的策略和昆虫不育技术（SIT）；以及化学创新，涉及具有新型作用模式的杀虫剂和先进的给药系统。
像CRISPR/Cas9基因驱动这样的基因组策略在精确靶向媒介繁殖和病原体传播方面显示出巨大潜力，但在广泛应用方面面临生态和伦理障碍。成功的生物干预措施，如沃尔巴克氏体和昆虫不育技术，已被证明在减少媒介种群方面有效，但它们需要社区的大力参与和持续的资金支持以实现规模扩大。此外，创新的化学解决方案，包括新的杀虫剂和给药方法，在解决抗药性问题的同时减少了对环境的危害，微胶囊化和增效剂等技术提高了可持续性。
本综述强调了整合基因组、生物和化学策略的综合媒介管理（IVM）框架的重要性。这些综合方法在最大限度地发挥协同作用的同时减轻了个别方法的局限性。主要发现强调了综合方法在实现媒介种群和疾病传播可持续减少方面的潜力。然而，重大挑战仍然存在，包括需要标准化方案、长期有效性数据，以及对生态风险和气候变化影响的考虑。
