Nawaz Muhammad Mohsin, Noor Mehmood Ali, Latifmanesh Hojatollah, Wang Xinbing, Ma Wei, Zhang Weijian
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
Department of Agroecology - Soil Physics and Hydropedology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 20;14:1002943. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1002943. eCollection 2023.
Soil compaction due to field trafficking involves a complex interplay of machine-soil properties. In contrast to previous studies simulating worst field scenarios, this two-year field experiment investigated the effects of traffic-induced compaction involving moderate machine operational specifications (axle load, 3.16 Mg; mean ground contact pressure, 77.5 kPa) and lower field moisture contents (< field capacity) at the time of trafficking on soil physical properties, spatial root distribution, and corresponding maize growth and grain yield in sandy loam soil. Two compaction levels, i.e. two (C2) and six (C6) vehicle passes, were compared with a control (C0). Two maize ( L.) cultivars, i.e. ZD-958 and XY-335, were used. Results showed topsoil (< 30 cm) compaction with increases in bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance (PR) up to 16.42% and 127.76%, respectively, in the 10-20 cm soil layer in 2017. Field trafficking resulted in a shallower and stronger hardpan. An increased number of traffic passes (C6) aggravated the effects, and the carryover effect was found. Higher BD and PR impaired root proliferation in deeper layers of topsoil (10-30 cm) and promoted shallow horizontal root distribution. However, XY-335, compared with ZD-958, showed deeper root distribution under compaction. Compaction-induced reductions in root biomass and length densities were respectively up to 41% and 36% in 10-20 cm and 58% and 42% in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Consequent yield penalties (7.6%-15.5%) underscore the detriments of compaction, even only in topsoil. In crux, despite their low magnitude, the negative impacts of field trafficking under moderate machine-field conditions after just two years of annual trafficking foreground the challenge of soil compaction.
田间运输导致的土壤压实涉及机器与土壤特性之间复杂的相互作用。与以往模拟最坏田间情况的研究不同，这项为期两年的田间试验研究了在中等机器操作规格（轴载3.16 Mg；平均地面接触压力77.5 kPa）以及运输时田间湿度较低（<田间持水量）的情况下，运输引起的压实对砂壤土土壤物理性质、根系空间分布以及相应玉米生长和籽粒产量的影响。将两个压实水平，即车辆通过两次（C2）和六次（C6），与对照（C0）进行了比较。使用了两个玉米品种，即ZD - 958和XY - 335。结果表明，2017年在10 - 20厘米土层中，表土（<30厘米）压实，容重（BD）和穿透阻力（PR）分别增加了16.42%和127.76%。田间运输导致硬底层变浅且更紧实。运输次数增加（C6）加剧了这些影响，并且发现了残留效应。较高的BD和PR损害了表土较深层（10 - 30厘米）的根系增殖，并促进了浅层水平根系分布。然而，与ZD - 958相比，XY - 335在压实条件下根系分布更深。压实导致10 - 20厘米土层中根系生物量和长度密度分别降低了41%和36%，在20 - 30厘米土层中分别降低了58%和42%。随之而来的产量损失（7.6% - 15.5%）突出了压实的危害，即使仅在表土中。关键在于，尽管程度较低，但在每年仅运输两年的中等机器 - 田间条件下，田间运输的负面影响凸显了土壤压实的挑战。
