Todd Evelyn T, Fromentier Aurore, Sutcliffe Richard, Running Horse Collin Yvette, Perdereau Aude, Aury Jean-Marc, Èche Camille, Bouchez Olivier, Donnadieu Cécile, Wincker Patrick, Kalbfleisch Ted, Petersen Jessica L, Orlando Ludovic
Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, Bâtiment A, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Glasgow Museums Resource Centre, 200 Woodhead Road, Nitshill, G53 7NN Glasgow, UK.
iScience. 2023 Jun 14;26(7):107104. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107104. eCollection 2023 Jul 21.
Historical genomes can provide important insights into recent genomic changes in horses, especially the development of modern breeds. In this study, we characterized 8.7 million genomic variants from a panel of 430 horses from 73 breeds, including newly sequenced genomes from 20 Clydesdales and 10 Shire horses. We used this modern genomic variation to impute the genomes of four historically important horses, consisting of publicly available genomes from 2 Przewalski's horses, 1 Thoroughbred, and a newly sequenced Clydesdale. Using these historical genomes, we identified modern horses with higher genetic similarity to those in the past and unveiled increased inbreeding in recent times. We genotyped variants associated with appearance and behavior to uncover previously unknown characteristics of these important historical horses. Overall, we provide insights into the history of Thoroughbred and Clydesdale breeds and highlight genomic changes in the endangered Przewalski's horse following a century of captive breeding.
历史基因组能够为了解马近期的基因组变化，尤其是现代品种的发展，提供重要的见解。在本研究中，我们对来自73个品种的430匹马的基因组变异进行了特征分析，共870万个，其中包括20匹克莱兹代尔马和10匹夏尔马的新测序基因组。我们利用这种现代基因组变异来推断四匹具有历史重要性的马的基因组，其中包括两匹普氏野马、一匹纯种马的公开可用基因组，以及一匹新测序的克莱兹代尔马。通过这些历史基因组，我们鉴定出了与过去马匹遗传相似性更高的现代马，并揭示了近期近亲繁殖的增加。我们对与外貌和行为相关的变异进行了基因分型，以发现这些重要历史马匹以前未知的特征。总体而言，我们深入了解了纯种马和克莱兹代尔马品种的历史，并突出了圈养繁殖一个世纪后濒危普氏野马的基因组变化。
