Lanfranco Luisa, Bonfante Paola
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2023 Oct;75:102357. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102357. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have accompanied the majority of land plants since their evolution in the Devonian period with a symbiotic alliance centered on nutrient exchanges. The exploration of AMF genomes is providing clues to explain major questions about their biology, evolution, and ecology. The dynamics of nuclei across the fungal life cycle, the abundance of transposable elements, and the epigenome landscape are emerging as sources of intraspecific variability, which can be especially important in organisms with no or rare sexual reproduction such as AMF. These features have been hypothesized to support AMF adaptability to a wide host range and to environmental changes. New insights on plant-fungus communication and on the iconic function of phosphate transport were also recently obtained that overall contribute to a better understanding of this ancient and fascinating symbiosis.
自泥盆纪进化以来，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）一直与大多数陆地植物相伴，形成了以养分交换为核心的共生联盟。对AMF基因组的探索为解释有关其生物学、进化和生态学的主要问题提供了线索。真菌生命周期中细胞核的动态变化、转座元件的丰度以及表观基因组景观正成为种内变异的来源，这在诸如AMF等无性繁殖或有性繁殖稀少的生物体中可能尤为重要。据推测，这些特征有助于AMF适应广泛的宿主范围和环境变化。最近还获得了关于植物 - 真菌通讯以及磷酸盐运输标志性功能的新见解，总体上有助于更好地理解这种古老而迷人的共生关系。
