Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
mSystems. 2024 Jul 23;9(7):e0135223. doi: 10.1128/msystems.01352-23. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plants, and the soil microbial community have the potential to increase the availability and uptake of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural systems. Nutrient exchange between plant roots, AMF, and the adjacent soil microbes occurs at the interface between roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi and soil, referred to as the mycorrhizosphere. Research on the P exchange focuses on plant-AMF or AMF-microbe interactions, lacking a holistic view of P exchange between the plants, AMF, and other microbes. Recently, N exchange at both interfaces revealed the synergistic role of AMF and bacterial community in N uptake by the host plant. Here, we highlight work carried out on each interface and build upon it by emphasizing research involving all members of the tripartite network. Both nutrient systems are challenging to study due to the complex chemical and biological nature of the mycorrhizosphere. We discuss some of the effective methods to identify important nutrient processes and the tripartite members involved in these processes. The extrapolation of studies into the field is often fraught with contradiction and noise. Therefore, we also suggest some approaches that can potentially bridge the gap between laboratory-generated data and their extrapolation to the field, improving the applicability and contextual relevance of data within the field of mycorrhizosphere interactions. Overall, we argue that the research community needs to adopt a holistic tripartite approach and that we have the means to increase the applicability and accuracy of data in the field.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）、植物和土壤微生物群落之间的相互作用有可能增加农业系统中磷（P）和氮（N）的有效性和吸收。植物根系、AMF 和相邻土壤微生物之间的养分交换发生在被菌根真菌定殖的根系与土壤之间的界面，即菌根际。对 P 交换的研究主要集中在植物-AMF 或 AMF-微生物相互作用上，缺乏对植物、AMF 和其他微生物之间 P 交换的整体看法。最近，在两个界面上进行的 N 交换揭示了 AMF 和细菌群落在宿主植物吸收 N 中的协同作用。在这里，我们重点介绍了在每个界面上开展的工作，并通过强调涉及三方网络所有成员的研究来进一步扩展。由于菌根际的复杂化学和生物学性质，这两种养分系统都难以研究。我们讨论了一些有效的方法来识别重要的养分过程以及参与这些过程的三方成员。将研究推广到野外常常充满矛盾和噪音。因此，我们还提出了一些方法，可以潜在地弥合实验室产生的数据与其向野外的外推之间的差距，提高数据在菌根际相互作用领域的适用性和背景相关性。总的来说，我们认为研究界需要采用整体三方方法，并且我们有手段提高数据在野外的适用性和准确性。
