Yang Yong, Yang Zhi, Ferguson David Kay, Shong Jia-Yi
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China.
Department of Paleontology University of Vienna Vienna Austria.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Jul 5;13(7):e10273. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10273. eCollection 2023 Jul.
We made an in-depth review of historical studies of the cupressophyte conifer genus Siebold & Zucc. with an emphasis on its systematic position. We suggest that the systematic position of the genus is better understood using an integrative approach, so the evolution of phenetic characters is discussed within the context of recent phylogenomics. We propose that the genus should be classified as a separate family Cephalotaxaceae belonging to the clade consisting of Cupressaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, and Taxaceae; the family Cephalotaxaceae is sister to the Taxaceae but not nested within the Taxaceae and is characterized by a unique set of characters including morphology, anatomy, embryology, and chemistry. The family Cephalotaxaceae shows transitional characters between the Cupressaceae and the Taxaceae; the family possesses female cones with a primary cone axis bearing 5-8 pairs of decussate bracts, which is similar to the typical female cones of the Cupressaceae, on the one hand, and may have given rise to the reduced female cone of the Taxaceae with one terminal ovule partially or completely enclosed in a fleshy aril. In parallel, the compound male cone of the Cephalotaxaceae evolved into the seemingly "simple" male cones of the Taxaceae by means of reduction, elimination, and fusion.
我们对柏科针叶树属Siebold & Zucc.的历史研究进行了深入回顾，重点关注其系统位置。我们认为，使用综合方法能更好地理解该属的系统位置，因此在近期系统发育基因组学的背景下讨论了表型特征的演化。我们提议将该属归为一个独立的科——三尖杉科，属于由柏科、三尖杉科和红豆杉科组成的分支；三尖杉科是红豆杉科的姐妹科，而非嵌套在红豆杉科内，其具有包括形态学、解剖学、胚胎学和化学在内的独特特征组合。三尖杉科在柏科和红豆杉科之间呈现过渡特征；该科的雌球果具有一个初级球果轴，其上着生5 - 8对交互对生的苞片，一方面这与柏科典型的雌球果相似，另一方面可能演化出了红豆杉科雌球果的简化形式，即单个顶生胚珠部分或完全被肉质假种皮包裹。同时，三尖杉科的复合雄球果通过简化、消除和融合演变成了红豆杉科看似“简单”的雄球果。
