Bokhari Akram, Alghamdi Ali Amer M, Khushayl Abdullah Mohammed A, Alaklabi Saeed Nasser A, Albarrak Sarah Khalid A, Aldarwish Hadi Abdulaziz
Department of Surgery, University of Hail College of Medicine, Hail, SAU.
Department of Urology, Miami Cancer institute, Florida, USA.
Cureus. 2023 Jun 7;15(6):e40090. doi: 10.7759/cureus.40090. eCollection 2023 Jun.
In urolithiasis, urinary calculi are formed in the urinary system. Stone development does not initially result in any symptoms, but later renal colic, flank pain, hematuria, obstruction of urine flow, and/or hydronephrosis may indicate renal stone disease. In addition to age, gender, ethnicity, and local climate, urolithiasis can be caused by several other factors. The prevalence and recurrence rate of kidney stone disease is rising globally, while few effective treatment options currently exist.
Between June and October 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted. An electronic questionnaire subdivided into three categories was used to determine the prevalence and identify the factors that increase the likelihood of developing urolithiasis among the population in Bisha. The collected data were reviewed and analyzed via IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
A total of 1,002 participants filled out the questionnaire. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to over 60 years, with an average age of 26.1 ± 13.9 years. There were 451 female participants (45%), and 927 (92.5%) were Saudis. According to the participants' body mass index, 98 (9.8%) were underweight, 388 (38.7%) were normal weight, 300 (29.9%) were overweight, and 216 (21.6%) were obese. The total number of participants with urolithiasis was 161 (16.1%), and 420 (41.9%) had a family history of renal stones. Urolithiasis was found to be significantly associated with family history, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, gout, and chronic kidney disease. Older age and female gender were also associated with the risk of having urolithiasis.
This study found urolithiasis to be highly prevalent among the Bisha population. In terms of risk factors, body mass index, smoking, and diabetes were the most significant. Based on the findings of this study, the authors recommend more public education regarding urolithiasis and its risk factors, emphasizing the importance of preventing the disease and the ways of treating urolithiasis through medical campaigns and social media.
在尿石症中，泌尿系统会形成尿路结石。结石形成初期不会产生任何症状，但后期肾绞痛、胁腹痛、血尿、尿流梗阻和/或肾积水可能提示肾结石疾病。除年龄、性别、种族和当地气候外，尿石症还可能由其他多种因素引起。全球范围内肾结石疾病的患病率和复发率都在上升，而目前有效的治疗选择却很少。
2022年6月至10月进行了一项横断面研究。使用一份分为三类的电子问卷来确定患病率，并找出增加比沙地区人群患尿石症可能性的因素。通过IBM公司2012年发布的Windows版IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0对收集的数据进行审查和分析。纽约州阿蒙克市：IBM公司。
共有1002名参与者填写了问卷。参与者年龄在18岁至60岁以上，平均年龄为26.1±13.9岁。有451名女性参与者（45%），927名（92.5%）是沙特人。根据参与者的体重指数，98人（9.8%）体重过轻，388人（38.7%）体重正常，300人（29.9%）超重，216人（21.6%）肥胖。患尿石症的参与者总数为161人（16.1%），420人（41.9%）有肾结石家族史。发现尿石症与家族史、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、甲状腺功能亢进、痛风和慢性肾病显著相关。年龄较大和女性也与患尿石症的风险有关。
本研究发现尿石症在比沙人群中非常普遍。在风险因素方面，体重指数、吸烟和糖尿病最为显著。基于本研究结果，作者建议针对尿石症及其风险因素开展更多公众教育，通过医疗活动和社交媒体强调预防该疾病的重要性以及治疗尿石症的方法。
