Baatiah Nada Yasser, Alhazmi Raghad Bader, Albathi Fatmah Ali, Albogami Esraa Ghazi, Mohammedkhalil Abdullah Khalid, Alsaywid Basim Saleh
Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Surgery, Urology Section, King Khalid National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Urol Ann. 2020 Jan-Mar;12(1):57-62. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_13_19. Epub 2019 Nov 7.
Urolithiasis is a public health concern, yet there are limited studies in our community. This study aimed to provide a current estimate of the prevalence of urolithiasis and to evaluate the public's awareness about dietary and lifestyle habits that impact on urolithiasis among the Jeddah population in 2017.
This is an observational cross-sectional study design where a self-administered questionnaire was distributed in two major malls in Jeddah. The total number of participants was 2173, who were Saudis and non-Saudis aged 18 years and above. The questionnaire includes five sections: demographics, general information related to urolithiasis, dietary information related to urolithiasis, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions.
The overall prevalence of urolithiasis was 11.2%, 48.8% of which had a family history with a first-degree relative. The odds of urolithiasis among males was 1.8 times higher than in females (odds ratio [OR] =1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-2.4). The median age of stone disease was 33 years (25%-75%: 26-42 years). Diabetic individuals were 3.2 times more likely to have urolithiasis when compared to nondiabetic individuals (OR = 3.2, 95% CI, 2.1-4.9). Low level of awareness was observed in this cohort group with a mean score of 37.7%; 64.1% of the population were in the low awareness level, 35.3% were in the medium level, and only 0.6% participants were in the high level of awareness.
This study highlights the lack of public awareness about urolithiasis and knowledge about its causation despite the high prevalence. There is a clear need to inform and educate the public on matters relating to the known risk factors associated with urolithiasis.
尿石症是一个公共卫生问题，但在我们的社区中相关研究有限。本研究旨在提供尿石症患病率的当前估计值，并评估2017年吉达人群对影响尿石症的饮食和生活习惯的认识。
这是一项观察性横断面研究设计，在吉达的两个主要商场发放了一份自填式问卷。参与者总数为2173人，包括沙特人和非沙特人，年龄在18岁及以上。问卷包括五个部分：人口统计学、与尿石症相关的一般信息、与尿石症相关的饮食信息、生活习惯和医疗状况。
尿石症的总体患病率为11.2%，其中48.8%有一级亲属的家族病史。男性患尿石症的几率比女性高1.8倍（优势比[OR]=1.8，95%置信区间[CI]，1.4 - 2.4）。结石病的中位年龄为33岁（25% - 75%：26 - 42岁）。与非糖尿病个体相比，糖尿病个体患尿石症的可能性高3.2倍（OR = 3.2，95% CI，2.1 - 4.9）。在这个队列组中观察到意识水平较低，平均得分为37.7%；64.1%的人群处于低意识水平，35.3%处于中等水平，只有0.6%的参与者处于高意识水平。
本研究强调尽管尿石症患病率很高，但公众对其缺乏认识以及对其病因的了解不足。显然有必要就与尿石症相关的已知风险因素向公众进行宣传和教育。
