National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
Liaoning Provence Key Laboratory of Genome Engineered Animal Models, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 30;15(9):2161. doi: 10.3390/nu15092161.
Retinopathy is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness and vision loss worldwide. Imbalanced nutrients play important roles in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of retinal diseases. Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), as essential amino acids, perform a variety of biological functions, including protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in metabolic tissues of diabetes and aging-related diseases. Recently, it has been shown that BCAAs are highly related to neuroprotection, oxidative stress, inflammatory and glutamate toxicity in the retina of retinopathy. Therefore, this review summarizes the alterations of BCAA levels in retinopathy, especially diabetic retinopathy and aging-related macular disease, and the genetics, functions, and mechanisms of BCAAs in the retina as well as other metabolic tissues for reference. All of these efforts aim to provide fundamental knowledge of BCAAs for further discoveries and research on retina health based on the sensing and signaling of essential amino acids.
视网膜病变是全球范围内导致不可逆性失明和视力丧失的主要原因之一。营养失衡在视网膜疾病的发病机制和病理生理学中起着重要作用。支链氨基酸（BCAAs）作为必需氨基酸，在糖尿病和衰老相关疾病的代谢组织中具有多种生物学功能，包括蛋白质合成、葡萄糖代谢、脂代谢、炎症和氧化应激。最近，已经表明 BCAAs 与视网膜病变中的神经保护、氧化应激、炎症和谷氨酸毒性密切相关。因此，本综述总结了 BCAAs 在视网膜病变，特别是糖尿病性视网膜病变和与年龄相关的黄斑疾病中的水平变化，以及 BCAAs 在视网膜和其他代谢组织中的遗传学、功能和机制，以供参考。所有这些努力旨在为进一步发现和研究基于必需氨基酸感应和信号的视网膜健康提供 BCAAs 的基础知识。
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