Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Jul;23(7):1275-1283. doi: 10.1111/jch.14236. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
Hypertension is an insidious disease which predisposes to cardiovascular complications and if not treated properly can lead to various serious complications. Economic limitations, having additional benefits with few or almost no side effects have made non-pharmacological management of hypertension an attractive approach for dealing with hypertension, in developed and developing countries alike. A MEDLINE search was done for relevant references with emphasis on original studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses for this review paper. Lifestyle modifications including changes in the dietary pattern, adopting special diets with low sodium, saturated fat and high calcium, magnesium and potassium and trying the new methods like time restricted meal intake which work in tandem with the circadian rhythm are opening new vistas in the field of non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure are increased physical activity, weight loss, limited alcohol consumption, relaxation techniques of Yoga, Acupuncture, Tai chi, mindfulness-based stress-reduction program, and Transcendental Meditation. Air pollution of the surrounding air is linked with poor health outcomes and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Short-term PM exposure (hours to weeks) increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and longer-term exposure multiplies that risk. Non-pharmacological methods should be initiated early phase of disease and should be continued with medication.
高血压是一种隐匿性疾病，易导致心血管并发症，如果治疗不当，可能会导致各种严重的并发症。在发达国家和发展中国家，由于经济限制，以及药物治疗可能带来的少量或几乎没有额外益处，而非药物治疗高血压成为一种有吸引力的方法。本文检索了相关文献，重点是原始研究、随机对照试验和荟萃分析。生活方式的改变，包括饮食模式的改变、采用低钠、饱和脂肪和高钙、镁和钾的特殊饮食，以及尝试新的方法，如限时进食，这些方法与昼夜节律协同作用，为高血压的非药物治疗开辟了新的前景。有效的降压生活方式改变包括增加体力活动、减肥、限制饮酒、瑜伽、针灸、太极、正念减压方案和超越冥想等放松技术。周围空气的空气污染与不良健康结果有关，是全球疾病负担的主要原因。直径小于 2.5μm 的细颗粒物（PM2.5）与心血管发病率和死亡率密切相关。短期 PM 暴露（数小时到数周）增加了不良心血管事件的可能性，包括心肌梗死、中风和心力衰竭，而长期暴露则会使这种风险倍增。非药物治疗方法应在疾病早期阶段开始，并应与药物治疗同时进行。
