Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
Research Center for Microbiome-Brain Disorders, Chungnam University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
Nutrients. 2023 May 5;15(9):2195. doi: 10.3390/nu15092195.
The role of diet is gaining attention among the modifiable factors associated with depression; thus, this case-control study examined the association between nutrition and depression in young Korean adults. Dietary surveys in individuals with depression ( = 39) and age- and gender-matched controls ( = 76) were conducted using food records and food frequency questionnaires. Men with depression consumed less mushrooms and meat, while women consumed significantly less grains ( < 0.05). Overall, the depression group consumed less energy and nutrients, and the difference was more pronounced in men. The male depression group had lower nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for energy, protein, vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, folate, and phosphorus, whereas the female depression group had lower NARs for energy, protein, niacin, and vitamin B. The depression group had a significantly lower mean adequacy ratio in both genders. Furthermore, the proportion of inappropriate nutrient intake was higher in both genders of the depression group, exhibiting significant differences in energy, protein, niacin, folate, and zinc in men and energy, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin C in women. Hence, both men and women in the depression group had poor nutrient intake and high rates of nutrient inadequacy and improper consumption. This suggests that the quantity and quality of meals should be improved for individuals with depressive symptoms.
饮食在与抑郁相关的可改变因素中受到越来越多的关注；因此，本病例对照研究旨在探讨营养与韩国年轻成年人抑郁之间的关系。通过食物记录和食物频率问卷对抑郁患者（n = 39）和年龄、性别匹配的对照组（n = 76）进行了饮食调查。患有抑郁的男性摄入的蘑菇和肉类较少，而女性摄入的谷物明显较少（<0.05）。总体而言，抑郁组摄入的能量和营养较少，男性的差异更为明显。男性抑郁组的能量、蛋白质、维生素 A、硫胺素、烟酸、叶酸和磷的营养素充足率（NAR）较低，而女性抑郁组的能量、蛋白质、烟酸和维生素 B 的 NAR 较低。抑郁组男女的平均充足率均明显较低。此外，抑郁组男女的不当营养素摄入量比例均较高，男性的能量、蛋白质、烟酸、叶酸和锌以及女性的能量、核黄素、叶酸和维生素 C 存在显著差异。因此，抑郁组的男性和女性的营养摄入均较差，营养素不足和不当摄入的比例较高。这表明，对于有抑郁症状的个体，应改善膳食的数量和质量。
