Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 1;897:165369. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165369. Epub 2023 Jul 9.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro-environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention and obtain an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior, uptake and translocation of Cd in soil-rice systems. However, to date, these aspects still lack sufficient exploration and summary. Here, we critically reviewed (i) the processes and transfer proteins of Cd uptake/transport in the soil-rice system, (ii) a series of soil and other environmental factors affecting the bioavailability of Cd in paddies, and (iii) the latest advances in regard to remediation strategies while producing rice. We propose that the correlation between the bioavailability of Cd and environmental factors must be further explored to develop low Cd accumulation and efficient remediation strategies in the future. Second, the mechanism of Cd uptake in rice mediated by elevated CO also needs to be given more attention. Meanwhile, more scientific planting methods (direct seeding and intercropping) and suitable rice with low Cd accumulation are important measures to ensure the safety of rice consumption. In addition, the relevant Cd efflux transporters in rice have yet to be revealed, which will promote molecular breeding techniques to address the current Cd-contaminated soil-rice system. The potential for efficient, durable, and low-cost soil remediation technologies and foliar amendments to limit Cd uptake by rice needs to be examined in the future. Conventional breeding procedures combined with molecular marker techniques for screening rice varieties with low Cd accumulation could be a more practical approach to select for desirable agronomic traits with low risk.
镉（Cd）污染已成为全球严重的农业环境问题。为了达到控制 Cd 风险的目标，我们必须更加关注并深入了解土壤-水稻系统中 Cd 的环境行为、吸收和迁移。然而，迄今为止，这些方面仍然缺乏足够的探索和总结。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了（i）土壤-水稻系统中 Cd 吸收/转运的过程和转运蛋白，（ii）一系列影响稻田中 Cd 生物有效性的土壤和其他环境因素，以及（iii）在生产水稻的同时修复策略的最新进展。我们提出，必须进一步探讨 Cd 生物有效性与环境因素之间的相关性，以开发未来低 Cd 积累和高效修复策略。其次，还需要更多关注 CO 升高介导的水稻 Cd 吸收机制。同时，采用更科学的种植方法（直播和间作）和低 Cd 积累的适宜水稻是确保食用安全的重要措施。此外，水稻中相关的 Cd 外排转运蛋白尚未被揭示，这将促进分子育种技术来解决当前的 Cd 污染土壤-水稻系统。未来需要检验高效、持久和低成本的土壤修复技术以及叶面肥对限制水稻吸收 Cd 的潜力。常规的育种程序与分子标记技术相结合，筛选低 Cd 积累的水稻品种，可能是一种更实用的方法，可用于选择具有低风险的理想农艺性状。
