Muchlis Nurmiati, Yusuf Rezky Aulia, Rusydi Arni Rizqiani, Mahmud Nur Ulmy, Hikmah Nurul, Qanitha Andriany, Ahsan Abdillah
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Save The Teenager Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia.
Environ Health Insights. 2023 Jul 4;17:11786302231185210. doi: 10.1177/11786302231185210. eCollection 2023.
Cigarette smoke exposure in mothers and children is highly prevalent in Asia, especially among rural and poor families. Second-hand smoke exposure might affect the nutritional status of children. Despite the emerging double burden of malnutrition and the very high prevalence of smoking in Indonesia, few studies have examined the effects of parental smoking on children's nutritional status. This study aims to measure the relationship between family smoking behavior and the occurrence of stunting in children under 5 years. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling technique, with 221 households with children aged 0 to 59 months from poor areas in Indonesia. Exposure to cigarette smoke is assessed using The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale questionnaire. The outcome measured is child stunting (height-for-age -score). The prevalence of stunting was estimated at 145 (65.6%). Children living with smoking parents were counted for 157 (71%), and most smoking exposure comes from fathers 147 (67.4%). The predictors of stunting in children under 5 years were a smoker father with (AOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.281-4.641), both parents are smokers increasing the risk of stunting with (COR 3.591; 95% CI 1.67-3.77), being exposed of smoke for more than 3 hours a day increase the risk of stunted children (COR 2.05; 95% CI 1.214-3.629), and using traditional cigarette or kretek expand the risk of stunting (AOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.139-67.785). The findings demonstrate the negative impact of parental smoking on children's growth, reinforcing the importance of reducing smoking prevalence by imposing a smoke-free home policy in the stunting prevention strategy.
亚洲地区母亲和儿童接触香烟烟雾的情况非常普遍，尤其是在农村贫困家庭中。二手烟暴露可能会影响儿童的营养状况。尽管印度尼西亚出现了营养不良的双重负担且吸烟率极高，但很少有研究探讨父母吸烟对儿童营养状况的影响。本研究旨在衡量家庭吸烟行为与5岁以下儿童发育迟缓发生率之间的关系。这项横断面研究采用了立意抽样技术，选取了印度尼西亚贫困地区221户有0至59个月大儿童的家庭。使用二手烟暴露量表问卷评估香烟烟雾暴露情况。测量的结果是儿童发育迟缓（身高别年龄得分）。发育迟缓的患病率估计为145例（65.6%）。与吸烟父母生活在一起的儿童有157例（71%），且大多数烟雾暴露来自父亲，有147例（67.4%）。5岁以下儿童发育迟缓的预测因素包括：父亲吸烟（比值比1.8；95%置信区间1.281 - 4.641），父母双方都吸烟会增加发育迟缓的风险（校正比值比3.591；95%置信区间1.67 - 3.77），每天暴露于烟雾中超过3小时会增加儿童发育迟缓的风险（校正比值比2.05；95%置信区间1.214 - 3.629），以及使用传统香烟或丁香烟会增加发育迟缓的风险（比值比3.19；95%置信区间1.139 - 67.785）。研究结果表明父母吸烟对儿童生长有负面影响，这强化了在发育迟缓预防策略中通过实施无烟家庭政策来降低吸烟率的重要性。
