Divarathna Maduja V M, Rafeek Rukshan A M, Morel Adrian J, Aththanayake Chathuri, Noordeen Faseeha
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Virology Laboratory, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
General Hospital-Kegalle, Kegalle, Sri Lanka.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jun 26;14:1173842. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173842. eCollection 2023.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.
This study aimed to describe the prevalence and seasonal patterns of RSV and to determine the actual and predictive association of RSV-associated ARTI and clinical, socio-demographic, and climatic risk factors in children < 5 years.
Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 500 children < 5 years admitted to the Kegalle General Hospital, Sri Lanka between May 2016 to July 2018. RSV and RSV subtypes were detected using immunofluorescence assay and real time RT-PCR, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done for the data analysis using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple binary logistic regression in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 16.0.
Prevalence of RSV-associated ARTI was 28% in children < 5 years. Both RSV subtypes were detected throughout the study period. RSV-B was the dominant subtype detected with a prevalence of 72.14%. RSV infection in general caused severe respiratory disease leading to hypoxemia. Compared to RSV-B, RSV-A infection had more symptoms leading to hypoxemia. Factors increasing the risk of contracting RSV infection included number of people living ( > 6), having pets at home and inhaling toxic fumes. The inferential analysis predicts RSV infection in children < 5 years with ARTI, with a 75.4% probability with clinical and socio-demographic characteristics like age < 1 year, fever for > 4 days, cough, conjunctivitis, stuffiness, fatigue, six or more people at home, having pets at home and inhaling toxic fumes. Climatic factors like increases in temperature (°C), wind speed (Km/h), wind gust (Km/h), rainfall (mm) and atmospheric pressure (mb) showed a strong correlation with the RSV infection in children.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是全球范围内儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）的主要病因，也是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。
本研究旨在描述RSV的流行情况和季节性模式，并确定5岁以下儿童中与RSV相关的ARTI与临床、社会人口统计学及气候危险因素之间的实际关联和预测关联。
2016年5月至2018年7月期间，从斯里兰卡凯格勒综合医院收治的500名5岁以下儿童中采集鼻咽抽吸物。分别使用免疫荧光法和实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测RSV及其亚型。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）16.0版中的卡方检验、费舍尔精确检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和多重二元逻辑回归进行数据分析的描述性和推断性统计。
5岁以下儿童中与RSV相关的ARTI患病率为28%。在整个研究期间均检测到两种RSV亚型。检测到的主要亚型为RSV-B，患病率为72.14%。总体而言，RSV感染会导致严重的呼吸道疾病，进而导致低氧血症。与RSV-B相比，RSV-A感染导致低氧血症的症状更多。增加感染RSV风险的因素包括居住人数（>6人）、家中养宠物和吸入有毒烟雾。推断分析预测5岁以下患ARTI的儿童感染RSV的概率为75.4%，其临床和社会人口统计学特征如年龄<1岁、发热>4天、咳嗽、结膜炎、鼻塞、疲劳、家中有6人或更多、家中养宠物和吸入有毒烟雾。温度（℃）、风速（公里/小时）、阵风（公里/小时）、降雨量（毫米）和大气压力（毫巴）等气候因素与儿童RSV感染呈强相关。
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