Gora Adnan H, Rehman Saima, Dias Jorge, Fernandes Jorge M O, Olsvik Pål A, Sørensen Mette, Kiron Viswanath
Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
SPAROS Lda, Olhão, Portugal.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 26;10:1161119. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1161119. eCollection 2023.
A Western diet elevates the circulating lipoprotein and triglyceride levels which are the major risk factors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids can stall the disease progression. Although these fatty acids can significantly impact the intestine under a hypercholesterolemic condition, the associated changes have not been studied in detail. Therefore, we investigated the alterations in the intestinal transcriptome along with the deviations in the plasma lipids and liver histomorphology of zebrafish offered DHA- and EPA-rich oil. Fish were allocated to 4 dietary treatments: a control group, a high cholesterol group and microbial oil groups with low (3.3%) and high (6.6%) inclusion levels. We quantified the total cholesterol, lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the plasma. In addition, we assessed the liver histology, intestinal transcriptome and plasma lipidomic profiles of the study groups. The results suggested that higher levels of dietary microbial oil could control the CVD risk factor indices in zebrafish plasma. Furthermore, microbial oil-fed fish had fewer liver vacuoles and higher mRNA levels of genes involved in β-oxidation and HDL maturation. Analyses of the intestine transcriptome revealed that microbial oil supplementation could influence the expression of genes altered by a hypercholesterolemic diet. The plasma lipidomic profiles revealed that the higher level of microbial oil tested could elevate the long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acid content of triglyceride species and lower the concentration of several lysophosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules. Our study provides insights into the effectiveness of microbial oil against dyslipidemia in zebrafish.
西方饮食会提高循环脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平，而这些是心血管疾病（CVD）发展的主要风险因素。食用长链omega-3脂肪酸可以延缓疾病进展。尽管这些脂肪酸在高胆固醇血症条件下会对肠道产生显著影响，但相关变化尚未得到详细研究。因此，我们研究了喂食富含DHA和EPA的油的斑马鱼肠道转录组的变化，以及血浆脂质和肝脏组织形态学的偏差。将鱼分为4种饮食处理组：对照组、高胆固醇组以及低（3.3%）和高（6.6%）添加水平的微生物油组。我们对血浆中的总胆固醇、脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平进行了定量。此外，我们评估了研究组的肝脏组织学、肠道转录组和血浆脂质组谱。结果表明，较高水平的饮食微生物油可以控制斑马鱼血浆中的CVD风险因子指标。此外，喂食微生物油的鱼肝脏空泡较少，参与β-氧化和高密度脂蛋白成熟的基因的mRNA水平较高。肠道转录组分析表明，补充微生物油可能会影响由高胆固醇饮食改变的基因的表达。血浆脂质组谱显示，所测试的较高水平的微生物油可以提高甘油三酯种类的长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量，并降低几种溶血磷脂酰胆碱和二酰基甘油分子的浓度。我们的研究为微生物油对斑马鱼血脂异常的有效性提供了见解。
