Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 28;24(13):10818. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310818.
The existence of mitochondria in eukaryotic host cells as a remnant of former microbial organisms has been widely accepted, as has their fundamental role in several diseases and physiological aging. In recent years, it has become clear that the health, aging, and life span of multicellular hosts are also highly dependent on the still-residing microbiota, e.g., those within the intestinal system. Due to the common evolutionary origin of mitochondria and these microbial commensals, it is intriguing to investigate if there might be a crosstalk based on preserved common properties. In the light of rising knowledge on the gut-brain axis, such crosstalk might severely affect brain homeostasis in aging, as neuronal tissue has a high energy demand and low tolerance for according functional decline. In this review, we summarize what is known about the impact of both mitochondria and the microbiome on the host's aging process and what is known about the aging of both entities. For a long time, bacteria were assumed to be immortal; however, recent evidence indicates their aging and similar observations have been made for mitochondria. Finally, we present pathways by which mitochondria are affected by microbiota and give information about therapeutic anti-aging approaches that are based on current knowledge.
真核宿主细胞中线粒体的存在被广泛认为是从前微生物的残余物，它们在几种疾病和生理衰老中也起着根本作用。近年来，人们越来越清楚的是，多细胞宿主的健康、衰老和寿命也高度依赖于仍然存在的微生物群，例如肠道系统内的微生物群。由于线粒体和这些微生物共生体具有共同的进化起源，因此研究它们之间是否存在基于保留的共同特性的相互作用是很有趣的。鉴于肠道-大脑轴的知识不断增加，这种相互作用可能会严重影响衰老过程中的大脑内稳态，因为神经元组织的能量需求高，对相应的功能下降的耐受性低。在这篇综述中，我们总结了已知的关于线粒体和微生物组对宿主衰老过程的影响，以及关于这两个实体衰老的知识。长期以来，人们一直认为细菌是不朽的；然而，最近的证据表明，细菌也会衰老，并且对线粒体也有类似的观察。最后，我们介绍了线粒体受微生物组影响的途径，并提供了基于现有知识的治疗抗衰老方法的信息。
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