Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, China.
SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Nov;195(11):6809-6823. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04423-y. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
The gut microbiota widely varies from individual to individual, but the variation shows stability over a period of time. The presence of abundant bacterial taxa is a common structure that determines the microbiota of human being. The presence of this microbiota greatly varies from geographic location, sex, food habits and age. Microbiota existing within the gut plays a significant role in nutrient absorption, development of immunity, curing of diseases and various developmental phases. With change in age, chronology diversification and variation of gut microbiota are observed within human being. But it has been observed that with the enhancement of age the richness of the microbial diversity has shown a sharp decline. The enhancement of age also results in the drift of the characteristic of the microbes associated with the microbiota from commensals to pathogenic. Various studies have shown that age associated gut-dysbiosis may result in decrease in tlongevity along with unhealthy aging. The host signalling pathways regulate the presence of the gut microbiota and their longevity. The presence of various nutrients regulates the presence of various microbial species. Innate immunity can be triggered due to the mechanism of gut dysbiosis resulting in the development of various age-related pathological syndromes and early aging. The gut microbiota possesses the ability to communicate with the host system with the help of various types of biomolecules, epigenetic mechanisms and various types of signalling-independent pathways. Drift in this mechanism of communication may affect the life span along with the health of the host. Thus, this review would focus on the use of gut-microbiota in anti-aging and healthy conditions of the host system.
肠道微生物群在个体之间差异很大，但在一段时间内具有稳定性。丰富的细菌分类群的存在是决定人类微生物群的常见结构。这种微生物群的存在因地理位置、性别、饮食习惯和年龄而有很大的差异。存在于肠道内的微生物群在营养吸收、免疫发育、疾病治疗和各种发育阶段中发挥着重要作用。随着年龄的变化，人类肠道微生物群在时间和多样性上都发生了变化。但据观察，随着年龄的增长，微生物多样性的丰富度急剧下降。年龄的增长还导致与微生物群相关的微生物的特征从共生体漂移到病原体。各种研究表明，与年龄相关的肠道失调可能导致长寿和不健康的衰老。宿主信号通路调节肠道微生物群的存在及其寿命。各种营养物质的存在调节着各种微生物物种的存在。由于肠道失调的机制，先天免疫可以被触发，导致各种与年龄相关的病理综合征和早老的发展。肠道微生物群具有通过各种类型的生物分子、表观遗传机制和各种类型的信号独立途径与宿主系统进行通信的能力。这种通信机制的漂移可能会影响宿主的寿命和健康。因此，本综述将重点讨论肠道微生物群在宿主系统的抗衰老和健康中的作用。
