Lederer Ann-Kathrin, Görrissen Nele, Nguyen Tinh Thi, Kreutz Clemens, Rasel Hannah, Bartsch Fabian, Lang Hauke, Endres Kristina
Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 9;23(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-06012-x.
Recent research indicates a role of gut microbiota in development and progression of life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Carcinomas of the biliary ducts, the so-called cholangiocarcinomas, are known for their aggressive tumor biology, implying poor prognosis of affected patients. An impact of the gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma development and progression is plausible due to the enterohepatic circulation and is therefore the subject of scientific debate, however evidence is still lacking. This review aimed to discuss the suitability of complex cell culture models to investigate the role of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma progression.
Clinical research in this area is challenging due to poor comparability of patients and feasibility reasons, which is why translational models are needed to understand the basis of tumor progression in cholangiocarcinoma. A promising approach to investigate the influence of gut microbiota could be an organoid model. Organoids are 3D cell models cultivated in a modifiable and controlled condition, which can be grown from tumor tissue. 3D cell models are able to imitate physiological and pathological processes in the human body and thus contribute to a better understanding of health and disease.
The use of complex cell cultures such as organoids and organoid co-cultures might be powerful and valuable tools to study not only the growth behavior and growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells, but also the interaction with the tumor microenvironment and with components of the gut microbiota.
近期研究表明肠道微生物群在癌症等危及生命的疾病的发生和发展中发挥作用。胆管癌，即所谓的胆管癌，以其侵袭性的肿瘤生物学特性而闻名，这意味着受影响患者的预后较差。由于肠肝循环，肠道微生物群对胆管癌发展和进展的影响是合理的，因此是科学辩论的主题，然而证据仍然不足。本综述旨在讨论复杂细胞培养模型在研究肠道微生物群在胆管癌进展中的作用方面的适用性。
由于患者可比性差和可行性原因，该领域的临床研究具有挑战性，这就是为什么需要转化模型来理解胆管癌肿瘤进展的基础。一种有前景的研究肠道微生物群影响的方法可能是类器官模型。类器官是在可修改和可控条件下培养的三维细胞模型，可以从肿瘤组织中生长出来。三维细胞模型能够模拟人体的生理和病理过程，从而有助于更好地理解健康和疾病。
使用类器官和类器官共培养等复杂细胞培养物可能是强大而有价值的工具，不仅可以研究胆管癌细胞的生长行为和生长，还可以研究与肿瘤微环境以及肠道微生物群成分的相互作用。
