Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology-National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Jun 22;28(13):4924. doi: 10.3390/molecules28134924.
Seeds of L. with a high content of bioactive compounds are valuable by-products from grape processing. However, little is known about the bioactivity of seeds from other species. The aim of this study has been to compare the phenolic composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of extracts from seeds of four species ( Michx., Benth., Rupr., and L.). Antioxidant activities were assessed as ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method against some Gram-negative (, ser. Typhimurium, and ) and Gram-positive ( and ) bacteria. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to evaluate the phenolic profile of extracts. Flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, and stilbenoids were detected. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin turned out to be the most abundant in the phenolic profile of seed extract. Phenolic acids prevailed in the extract from seeds. The and seed extracts had higher contents of most individual phenolics compared to the other species. They also showed a higher total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity, ORAC, and overall antibacterial activity. Total phenolic content significantly correlated with antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against . The principal component analysis (PCA) showed discrimination between , , and clustered and with respect to variables. To recapitulate, this research demonstrates that seeds of different species, especially and , are sources of molecules with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that can be used in different sectors, such as in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
李属植物种子含有丰富的生物活性化合物，是葡萄加工的有价值的副产物。然而，人们对其他物种种子的生物活性知之甚少。本研究旨在比较四种李属植物（Michx.、Benth.、Rupr.和L.）种子提取物的酚类成分、抗菌活性和抗氧化活性。抗氧化活性通过铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基（DPPH）清除活性和氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）来评估。抗菌活性采用微量稀释法测定，针对一些革兰氏阴性菌（、血清型肠炎和）和革兰氏阳性菌（和）。液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）用于评估提取物的酚类谱。检测到黄烷-3-醇、原花青素、酚酸、黄酮醇、花青素和芪类。（+）-儿茶素和（-）-表儿茶素是种子提取物酚类谱中含量最丰富的。在种子提取物中，酚酸占主导地位。与其他三个物种相比，和种子提取物中大多数单个酚类物质的含量更高。它们还表现出更高的总酚含量、DPPH 清除活性、ORAC 和整体抗菌活性。总酚含量与抗氧化活性和对的抗菌活性呈显著正相关。主成分分析（PCA）显示，不同种李属植物之间存在差异，和聚类，而和聚类。综上所述，这项研究表明，不同李属植物的种子，尤其是和，是具有抗氧化和抗菌活性的分子的来源，可用于食品、化妆品和制药等不同领域。
