Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 29;15(13):2959. doi: 10.3390/nu15132959.
Beer consumption has been identified as a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), a rheumatic disease characterised by cartilage degradation, joint inflammation, and eventual joint failure. One of the main isoflavonoids in beer is formononetin (FNT), an estrogenic compound also found in multiple plants and herbs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of FNT on chondrocyte viability, inflammation, and metabolism. Cells were treated with FNT with or without IL-1β for 48 h and during 7 days of differentiation. Cell viability was determined via MTT assay. Nitrite accumulation was determined by Griess reaction. The expression of genes involved in inflammation and metabolism was determined by RT-PCR. The results revealed that a low concentration of FNT had no deleterious effect on cell viability and decreased the expression of inflammation-related genes. However, our results suggest that FNT overexposure negatively impacts on chondrocytes by promoting catabolic responses. Finally, these effects were not mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In conclusion, factors that favour FNT accumulation, such as long exposure times or metabolic disorders, can promote chondrocyte catabolism. These data may partially explain why beer consumption increases the risk of OA.
啤酒消费已被确定为骨关节炎（OA）的一个风险因素，OA 是一种风湿性疾病，其特征为软骨降解、关节炎症和最终的关节衰竭。啤酒中的主要异黄酮之一是芒柄花素（FNT），这是一种雌激素化合物，也存在于多种植物和草药中。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究 FNT 对软骨细胞活力、炎症和代谢的影响。细胞用 FNT 或 FNT 和 IL-1β 处理 48 小时，并在分化的 7 天内处理。通过 MTT 测定法测定细胞活力。通过 Griess 反应测定亚硝酸盐积累。通过 RT-PCR 测定参与炎症和代谢的基因的表达。结果表明，低浓度的 FNT 对细胞活力没有有害影响，并降低了与炎症相关的基因的表达。然而，我们的结果表明，FNT 过度暴露通过促进分解代谢反应对软骨细胞产生负面影响。最后，这些作用不是由雌激素受体（ERs）或芳香烃受体（AhR）介导的。总之，有利于 FNT 积累的因素，如长时间暴露或代谢紊乱，可促进软骨细胞的分解代谢。这些数据可能部分解释了为什么啤酒消费会增加 OA 的风险。
