School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
Vehicle Measurement Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 22;23(13):5821. doi: 10.3390/s23135821.
As an advanced driver assistance system, automatic emergency braking (AEB) can effectively reduce accidents by using high-precision and high-coverage sensors. In particular, it has a significant advantage in reducing front-end collisions and rear-end accidents. Unfortunately, avoiding side collisions is a challenging problem for AEB. To tackle these challenges, we propose active seat belt pretensioning on driver injury in vehicles equipped with AEB in unavoidable side crashes. Firstly, records of impact cases from China's National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System were used to investigate a scenario in which a vehicle is impacted by an oncoming car after the vehicle's AEB system is triggered. The scenario was created using PreScan software. Then, the simulated vehicles in the side impact were devised using a finite element model of the Toyota Yaris and a moving barrier. These were constructed in HyperMesh software along with models of the driver's side seatbelt, side airbag, and side curtain airbag. Moreover, the models were verified, and driver out-of-position instances and injuries were evaluated in simulations with different AEB intensities up to 0.7 g for three typical side impact angles. Last but not least, the optimal combination of seatbelt pretensioning and the timing thereof for minimizing driver injury at each side impact angle was identified using orthogonal tests; immediate (at 0 ms) pretensioning at 80 N was applied. Our experiments show that our active seatbelt with the above parameters reduced the weighted injury criterion by 5.94%, 22.05%, and 20.37% at impact angles of 90°, 105°, and 120°, respectively, compared to that of a conventional seatbelt. The results of the experiment can be used as a reference to appropriately set the collision parameters of active seat belts for vehicles with AEB.
作为一种先进的驾驶员辅助系统，自动紧急制动（AEB）可以通过使用高精度和高覆盖率的传感器来有效减少事故。特别是，它在减少前端碰撞和后端事故方面具有显著优势。然而，避免侧面碰撞是 AEB 面临的一个挑战。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出在配备 AEB 的车辆中，在不可避免的侧面碰撞中，对驾驶员受伤进行主动安全带预紧。首先，使用中国国家汽车事故深入调查系统的碰撞案例记录，调查了车辆在 AEB 系统触发后被迎面而来的汽车碰撞的情况。该场景是使用 PreScan 软件创建的。然后，使用丰田雅力士的有限元模型和移动障碍物来设计侧面碰撞中的模拟车辆。这些模型是在 HyperMesh 软件中构建的，同时还构建了驾驶员侧安全带、侧面安全气囊和侧面帘式安全气囊的模型。此外，对模型进行了验证，并在不同 AEB 强度下（最高可达 0.7 g）进行了模拟，评估了不同驾驶员位置和伤害情况，模拟了三个典型的侧面碰撞角度。最后，通过正交试验确定了最小化每个侧面碰撞角度下驾驶员受伤的最佳安全带预紧和预紧时间组合；立即（在 0 ms 时）以 80 N 的力进行预紧。我们的实验表明，与传统安全带相比，在 90°、105°和 120°的冲击角度下，上述参数的主动安全带分别将加权损伤标准降低了 5.94%、22.05%和 20.37%。实验结果可以作为参考，适当设置配备 AEB 的车辆的主动安全带碰撞参数。
