Linsalata P, Hickman D, Cohen N
Health Phys. 1986 Sep;51(3):295-312. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198609000-00003.
This work summarizes the measurements and associated environmental dosimetry of reactor-released 137Cs and 134Cs and weapons-produced 137Cs in samples of water, shoreline sediment and fish collected from 1971 to 1980 in the Hudson River Estuary. Trends observed in annual mean concentrations and the resultant dose implications for man from each source are discussed. The human exposure pathways examined are: fish consumption, water consumption, swimming and recreational use of the shoreline. Based on environmental measurements, a maximum, adult, whole-body, 50-y committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) of 0.79 mu Sv (79 mu rem) is estimated from fish consumption in 1971, the year of maximum reactor discharge of the radiocesiums. For comparison, during the period 1974-79, mean estimates (+/- 1 SD) of the CEDE based on environmental measurements and attributed to other pathways are as follows: consumption of indigenous fish species caught downstream of the reactor outfall, 0.05 +/- 0.02 mu Sv (5 +/- 2 mu rem); consumption of fresh water sampled upstream of the reactors, 0.02 +/- 0.03 mu Sv (2 +/- 3 mu rem); and swimming, 10(-4) +/- 10(-4) mu Sv (0.01 +/- 0.01 mu rem). In addition, external, whole-body exposure resulting from recreational use of the shoreline 1.6 km downstream of the reactors is estimated to be 1.2 X 10(-8) C kg-1 (46 +/- 11 mu R yr-1). The above dose estimates are based on consumption factors of 3.9 and 803 kg y-1 (fish and water, respectively) and on usage factors of 50 and 140 h y-1 (swimming and shoreline recreation, respectively). Differences in dose estimates obtained from these long-term environmental measurements and from assessment models currently recommended for use by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are discussed.
这项工作总结了1971年至1980年期间在哈得逊河河口采集的水、海岸线沉积物和鱼类样本中反应堆释放的137铯和134铯以及武器生产的137铯的测量结果及相关环境剂量测定。讨论了年平均浓度中观察到的趋势以及每种来源对人类产生的剂量影响。所研究的人类暴露途径包括：食用鱼类、饮用河水、游泳以及在岸边进行娱乐活动。基于环境测量结果，估计在1971年（放射性铯反应堆排放量最大的年份），因食用鱼类导致的成年人体全身50年累积有效剂量当量（CEDE）最高为0.79微希沃特（79微雷姆）。作为比较，在1974 - 1979年期间，基于环境测量并归因于其他途径的CEDE平均估计值（±1标准差）如下：食用在反应堆排水口下游捕获的本地鱼类物种，0.05 ± 0.02微希沃特（5 ± 2微雷姆）；饮用在反应堆上游采集的淡水，0.02 ± 0.03微希沃特（2 ± 3微雷姆）；游泳，10⁻⁴ ± 10⁻⁴微希沃特（0.01 ± 0.01微雷姆）。此外，估计在反应堆下游1.6公里处岸边进行娱乐活动导致的全身外照射剂量为1.2×10⁻⁸库仑/千克（46 ± 11微伦琴/年）。上述剂量估计基于3.9千克/年和803千克/年的消费因子（分别针对鱼类和水）以及50小时/年和140小时/年的使用因子（分别针对游泳和岸边娱乐）。讨论了从这些长期环境测量中获得的剂量估计值与美国核管理委员会（NRC）目前推荐使用的评估模型得出的剂量估计值之间的差异。
