Zeng Ling, Li Xiaoning, Pan Wei, Tang Yao, Lin Ding, Wang Min, Cai Wang, Zhu Ruiling, Wan Jianbo, Huang Linghua, Xu Heping, Yang Zhikuan
Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2023 Jun 28;17:1187400. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1187400. eCollection 2023.
To investigate the relationship between the intraocular levels of complement proteins and myopia-related retinal neuronal and vascular degeneration.
Aqueous humour from 147 myopic patients, including 60 low-myopia and 87 high-myopia were collected during Implantable Collamer Lens implantation surgery. All participants received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including logMAR best corrected visual acuity, axial length measurement, fundus photography and ocular B-scan ultrasonography. The myopic eyes were further classified into simple myopia (SM, = 78), myopic posterior staphyloma (PS, = 39) and PS with myopic chorioretinal atrophy (PS + CA, = 30). Retinal thickness and vascular density in the macula (6 mm × 6 mm) and optic nerve head (4.5 mm × 4.5 mm) were measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The levels of complement proteins including C1q, C3, C3b/iC3b, C4, CFB, CFH, C2, C4b, C5, C5a, CFD, MBL and CFI in the aqueous humour were measured using the Luminex Multiplexing system. The real-time RT-PCR was conducted to examine the expression of complement genes ( and ) in the guinea pig model of long-term form deprivation-induced myopic retinal degeneration.
OCTA showed that retinal neuronal thickness and vascular density in superficial and deep layers of the macular zone as well as vascular density in the optic nerve head were progressively decreased from SM to PS and PS + CA ( < 0.05). The aqueous humour levels of C1q, C3, C3b/iC3b, C4, CFB, CFH, C2, C4b, C5 and CFI were significantly higher in high-myopic eyes compared to those in low-myopic eyes. Further subgroup analysis revealed the highest levels of complement components/fragments in the PS + CA group. The intraocular levels of complement factors particularly C3b/iC3b and C4 were negatively correlated with macular zone deep layer retinal thickness and vascular density and optic nerve head vascular density. The expression of and genes was significantly higher in guinea pig eyes with myopic retinal degeneration compared to control eyes.
The intraocular classical pathway and alternative pathway of the complement system are partially activated in pathological myopia. Their activation is related to the degeneration of retinal neurons and the vasculature in the macula and the vasculature in the optic nerve head.
探讨眼内补体蛋白水平与近视相关视网膜神经元及血管变性之间的关系。
在植入可植入式胶原晶状体手术期间，收集了147例近视患者的房水，其中包括60例低度近视患者和87例高度近视患者。所有参与者均接受了全面的眼科检查，包括logMAR最佳矫正视力、眼轴长度测量、眼底照相和眼部B超检查。近视眼睛进一步分为单纯性近视（SM，n = 78）、近视性后巩膜葡萄肿（PS，n = 39）和伴有近视性脉络膜视网膜萎缩的PS（PS + CA，n = 30）。使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和OCT血管造影（OCTA）测量黄斑区（6 mm×6 mm）和视神经乳头（4.5 mm×4.5 mm）的视网膜厚度和血管密度。使用Luminex多重检测系统测量房水中补体蛋白包括C1q、C3、C3b/iC3b、C4、CFB、CFH、C2、C4b、C5、C5a、CFD、MBL和CFI的水平。进行实时RT-PCR检测长期形觉剥夺诱导的近视性视网膜变性豚鼠模型中补体基因（ 和 ）的表达。
OCTA显示，从SM到PS以及PS + CA，黄斑区浅层和深层的视网膜神经元厚度和血管密度以及视神经乳头的血管密度逐渐降低（P < 0.05）。与低度近视眼睛相比，高度近视眼睛的房水中C1q、C3、C3b/iC3b、C4、CFB、CFH、C2、C4b、C5和CFI水平显著更高。进一步的亚组分析显示PS + CA组中补体成分/片段水平最高。眼内补体因子尤其是C3b/iC3b和C4的水平与黄斑区深层视网膜厚度和血管密度以及视神经乳头血管密度呈负相关。与对照眼相比，近视性视网膜变性豚鼠眼中 和 基因的表达显著更高。
在病理性近视中，补体系统的眼内经典途径和替代途径部分被激活。它们的激活与视网膜神经元的变性以及黄斑区的血管系统和视神经乳头的血管系统有关。
