Department of cardiac function, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jun 28;14:1147098. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147098. eCollection 2023.
Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr) is a medicinal fungus of traditional Chinese medicine with more than 1000 years of history of clinical application. Its remarkable anticancer activities has led to its application in treating diverse malignancies. In recent years, the immunomodulatory effects of Huaier have been uncovered and proved to be beneficial in a plethora of immune-related diseases including cancer, nephropathy, asthma, etc. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the active components of Huaier, its regulatory activities on multifaceted aspects of the immune system, its application in various clinical settings as well as toxicologic evidence. Based on currently available literature, Huaier possesses broad-spectrum regulatory activities on various components of the innate and adaptive immune system, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B lymphocytes, etc. Versatile immunologic reactions are under the regulation of Huaier from expression of damage-associated molecular patterns, immune cell activation and maturation to cell proliferation, differentiation, antibody production, expression of cytokines and chemokines and terminal intracellular signal transduction. Moreover, some modulatory activities of Huaier might be context-dependent, typically promoting the restoration toward normal physiological status. With excellent efficacy and minimal side effects, we foresee more extensive application of Huaier for treating immune-related disorders.
瑞香狼毒（Trametes robiniophila Murr）是一种药用真菌，具有超过 1000 年的临床应用历史。其显著的抗癌活性使其应用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤。近年来，瑞香狼毒的免疫调节作用被揭示，并被证明对多种免疫相关疾病有益，包括癌症、肾病、哮喘等。在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了瑞香狼毒的活性成分、其对免疫系统多方面的调节活性、在各种临床环境中的应用以及毒理学证据。根据目前的文献，瑞香狼毒对先天和适应性免疫系统的各种成分具有广泛的调节活性，包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、T 和 B 淋巴细胞等。瑞香狼毒调节多种免疫反应，包括损伤相关分子模式的表达、免疫细胞的激活和成熟、细胞增殖、分化、抗体产生、细胞因子和趋化因子的表达以及细胞内信号转导的终止。此外，瑞香狼毒的一些调节活性可能具有上下文依赖性，通常促进向正常生理状态的恢复。由于其良好的疗效和最小的副作用，我们预计瑞香狼毒将更广泛地应用于治疗免疫相关疾病。
