2nd Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 18;23(20):12445. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012445.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including colitis ulcerosa and Crohn's disease, are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for which the cause has not been fully understood. However, it is known that the etiology is multifactorial. The multidirectional network of interactions of environmental, microbiological and genetic factors in predisposed persons lead to an excessive and insufficiently inhibited reaction of the immune system, leading to the development of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal walls, the consequence of which is the loss of the function that the intestine performs, inter alia, through the process of fibrosis. Detailed knowledge of the pathways leading to chronic inflammation makes it possible to pharmacologically modulate disorders and effectively treatthese diseases. In this review, we described the primary and adaptive immune system response in the gut and the known immune pathogenetic pathways leading to the development of IBD. We also described the process leading to intestinal tissue fibrosis, which is an irreversible consequence of untreated IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD），包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病，是一种胃肠道的慢性疾病，其病因尚未完全阐明。然而，已知病因是多因素的。在易患人群中，环境、微生物和遗传因素的多向相互作用网络导致免疫系统过度且抑制不足的反应，导致胃肠道壁的慢性炎症发展，其后果是肠道丧失功能，除其他外，通过纤维化过程。对导致慢性炎症的途径的详细了解使得能够对疾病进行药理学调节，并有效地治疗这些疾病。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肠道中的固有和适应性免疫系统反应以及已知的导致 IBD 发展的免疫发病途径。我们还描述了导致肠道组织纤维化的过程，这是未治疗的 IBD 的不可逆转的后果。
