Sonnweber Thomas, Birgit Sailer, Weiss Günter, Löffler-Ragg Judith
Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anaemia Research, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2023 Jan-Jun;17(6):447-457. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2210837. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the respiratory tract is the primary site of infection and host-mediated inflammatory responses, pathologies and dysfunction of the respiratory system characterize the severe disease and are typically associated with the need for oxygen supply or even ventilator support. In survivors of severe COVID-19, computed tomography follow-up frequently reveals structural lung abnormalities, and one-third of individuals who were hospitalized during acute COVID-19 demonstrate persisting lung abnormalities for at least 12 months after disease onset.
This review summarizes current evidence on pulmonary recovery after COVID-19, focusing on adult patients who suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia.
Severe COVID-19 is associated with a high frequency of persisting lung abnormalities at follow-up. The long-term consequences of these findings remain elusive and urge further evaluation to identify individuals at risk for COVID-19 long-term consequences.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起。由于呼吸道是感染和宿主介导的炎症反应的主要部位，呼吸系统的病理变化和功能障碍是重症疾病的特征，通常与需要氧气供应甚至呼吸机支持相关。在重症COVID-19幸存者中，计算机断层扫描随访经常显示肺部结构异常，并且在急性COVID-19期间住院的患者中有三分之一在发病后至少12个月仍存在肺部异常。
本综述总结了目前关于COVID-19后肺康复的证据，重点关注患有COVID-19肺炎的成年患者。
重症COVID-19在随访时与持续存在肺部异常的高频率相关。这些发现的长期后果仍不明确，迫切需要进一步评估以确定有COVID-19长期后果风险的个体。
