School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Jul 25;57(29):10554-10562. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01894. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
In this study, we optimized and applied an physiologically based extraction test to investigate the dermal bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), incorporated as additives in different types of microplastics (MPs), and assess human dermal exposure to these chemicals. The dermal bioaccessibility of PBDEs in polyethylene (PE) MPs was significantly higher ( < 0.05) than in polypropylene (PP) MPs. Both log and water solubility influenced the dermal bioaccessibility of PBDEs. For HBCDDs in polystyrene MPs, the dermally bioaccessible fractions were 1.8, 2.0, and 1.6% of the applied dose for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDDs, respectively. MP particle size and the presence of cosmetic formulations (antiperspirant, foundation, moisturizer and sunscreen) influenced the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and HBCDDs in MP matrices at varying degrees of significance. Human exposure to ∑PBDEs and ∑HBCDDs via dermal contact with MPs ranged from 0.02 to 22.2 and 0.01 to 231 ng (kg bw) d and from 0.02 to 6.27 and 0.2 to 65 ng (kg bw) d for adults and toddlers, respectively. Dermal exposure to PBDEs and HBCDDs in MPs is substantial, highlighting for the first time the significance of the dermal pathway as a major route of human exposure to additive chemicals in microplastics.
在这项研究中，我们优化并应用了一种基于生理学的提取测试方法，以研究作为添加剂掺入不同类型微塑料（MPs）中的多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）的经皮生物可给性，并评估这些化学物质对人体皮肤的暴露情况。聚乙烯（PE） MPs 中 PBDEs 的经皮生物可给性明显更高（<0.05）。对数和水溶性均影响 PBDEs 的经皮生物可给性。对于聚苯乙烯 MPs 中的 HBCDDs，α-、β-和 γ-HBCDD 的经皮生物可给性分数分别为应用剂量的 1.8%、2.0%和 1.6%。MP 颗粒大小和化妆品配方（止汗剂、粉底、保湿霜和防晒霜）的存在以不同程度影响了 MP 基质中 PBDEs 和 HBCDDs 的生物可给性。通过与 MPs 皮肤接触，成人和幼儿皮肤接触 MPs 导致的∑PBDEs 和∑HBCDDs 的暴露量分别为 0.02 至 22.2 和 0.01 至 231 ng（kg bw）d 和 0.02 至 6.27 和 0.2 至 65 ng（kg bw）d。MPs 中 PBDEs 和 HBCDDs 的经皮暴露量相当大，首次强调了皮肤途径作为人类接触微塑料中添加剂化学物质的主要途径的重要性。
