Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2023 Apr;74(2). doi: 10.26402/jpp.2023.2.10. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
Some studies have shown that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may impact immune response cells and their functions. The first stage of the defense from pathogens is innate immunity encompassing phagocytosis and phagocytosis-related intracellular effects. Our work aimed to determine the influence of a low-frequency electromagnetic field (7 Hz, 30 mT) on the phagocytosis process of latex beads (LBs), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and viability changes in a human monocytic Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cell line as an experimental model of the phagocytosing cells in in vitro cell culture conditions. For these purposes, cells were firstly activated with infectious agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), or the proliferatory agent phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and then a phagocytosis test was performed. Cell viability and range of phagocytosis of latex beads by MM6 cells were measured by flow cytometry, and the level of ROS was evaluated with the use of a cytochrome C reduction test. The obtained results revealed that applied EMF exposure mainly increased the necrosis parameter of cell death when they were pre-stimulated with SEB as an infectious factor and subsequently phagocytosed LBs (P=0.001). Prestimulation with other agents like LPS or PHA preceding phagocytosis resulted in no statistically significant changes in cell death parameters. The level of ROS depended on the used stimulatory agent, phagocytosis, and/or EMF exposure. The obtained effects for EMF exposure indicated only a slight decrease in the ROS level for cells phagocytosing latex beads and being treated with SEB or PHA, while the opposite effect was observed for LPS pre-stimulated cells (data not statistically significant). The results concerning the viability of phagocytosing cells, the effectiveness of the phagocytosis process, and the level of radical forms might result from applied EMF parameters like signal waveform, frequency, flux density, and especially single EMF exposure.
一些研究表明，电磁场（EMF）可能会影响免疫反应细胞及其功能。病原体防御的第一阶段是先天免疫，包括吞噬作用和吞噬作用相关的细胞内效应。我们的工作旨在确定低频电磁场（7 Hz，30 mT）对乳胶珠（LB）吞噬过程、活性氧（ROS）产生以及人单核细胞Mono Mac 6（MM6）细胞系活力变化的影响，作为体外细胞培养条件下吞噬细胞的实验模型。为此，首先用感染因子如脂多糖（LPS）、葡萄球菌肠毒素 B（SEB）或增殖剂植物血球凝集素（PHA）激活细胞，然后进行吞噬作用试验。通过流式细胞术测量 MM6 细胞对乳胶珠的吞噬作用和细胞活力范围，并使用细胞色素 C 还原试验评估 ROS 水平。结果表明，当用 SEB 作为感染因子预先刺激并随后吞噬 LB 时，施加的 EMF 暴露主要增加了细胞死亡的坏死参数（P=0.001）。在用 LPS 或 PHA 等其他试剂预先刺激吞噬作用之前，细胞死亡参数没有统计学上的显著变化。ROS 水平取决于所用的刺激剂、吞噬作用和/或 EMF 暴露。对于 EMF 暴露获得的效果仅表明，对于吞噬乳胶珠并接受 SEB 或 PHA 处理的细胞，ROS 水平略有下降，而对于 LPS 预先刺激的细胞则观察到相反的效果（数据无统计学意义）。关于吞噬细胞活力、吞噬作用过程有效性和自由基水平的结果可能归因于应用的 EMF 参数，如信号波形、频率、通量密度，特别是单次 EMF 暴露。
