Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Saint Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom.
FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2023 Jul 17;17(7):e0010853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010853. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Repeated distribution of preventative chemotherapy (PC) by mass drug administration forms the mainstay of transmission control for five of the 20 recognised neglected tropical diseases (NTDs); soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma. The efficiency of such programmes is reliant upon participants swallowing the offered treatment consistently at each round. This is measured by compliance, defined as the proportion of eligible participants swallowing treatment. Individually linked longitudinal compliance data is important for assessing the potential impact of MDA-based control programmes, yet this accurate monitoring is rarely implemented in those for NTDs. Longitudinal compliance data reported by control programmes globally for the five (PC)-NTDs since 2016 is examined, focusing on key associations of compliance with age and gender. PubMed and Web of Science was searched in January 2022 for articles written in English and Spanish, and the subsequent extraction adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Study title screening was aided by Rayyan, a machine learning software package. Studies were considered for inclusion if primary compliance data was recorded for more than one time point, in a population larger than 100 participants. All data analysis was conducted in R. A total of 89 studies were identified containing compliance data, 57 were longitudinal studies, of which 25 reported individually linked data reported by varying methods. The association of increasing age with the degree of systematic treatment was commonly reported. The review is limited by the paucity of data published on this topic. The varying and overlapping terminologies used to describe coverage (receiving treatment) and compliance (swallowing treatment) is reviewed. Consequently, it is recommended that WHO considers clearly defining the terms for coverage, compliance, and longitudinal compliance which are currently contradictory across their NTD treatment guidelines. This review is registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42022301991).
重复进行大规模药物治疗分发是五种被确认的被忽视热带病（NTD）的传播控制的主要方法；这些疾病包括肠道寄生虫病、血吸虫病、淋巴丝虫病、盘尾丝虫病和沙眼。此类方案的效率取决于参与者在每一轮中是否持续服用所提供的治疗药物。这种持续性通过依从性来衡量，定义为服用治疗药物的合格参与者比例。个人纵向依从性数据对于评估基于 MDA 的控制方案的潜在影响非常重要，但在 NTD 控制方案中很少进行这种准确的监测。本研究对全球自 2016 年以来针对五种（预防性化疗（PC）-NTDs）开展的控制项目中报告的纵向依从性数据进行了分析，重点关注依从性与年龄和性别之间的关键关联。2022 年 1 月，我们在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 上检索了用英语和西班牙语撰写的文章，并根据 PRISMA 指南进行了后续提取。研究标题筛选得到了 Rayyan 等机器学习软件包的辅助。如果一项研究记录了多于一个时间点、且参与人数大于 100 人的原始依从性数据，则将其视为符合纳入标准。所有数据分析均在 R 中进行。共确定了 89 项包含依从性数据的研究，其中 57 项为纵向研究，其中 25 项报告了通过不同方法报告的个体联系数据。随着年龄的增长，系统治疗程度增加的相关性被普遍报道。本综述受到在该主题上发表的数据稀少的限制。审查中还回顾了用于描述覆盖率（接受治疗）和依从性（服用治疗药物）的不同和重叠术语。因此，建议世卫组织考虑明确定义其 NTD 治疗指南中目前相互矛盾的覆盖率、依从性和纵向依从性的术语。本综述已在 PROSPERO（编号：CRD42022301991）上注册。
