Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2023 Aug 1;13(8):a041179. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041179.
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an actuating variable shaping vascular development and endothelial cell function in the intestinal mucosa but also affecting the microvasculature of remote organs. In the small intestine, colonization with gut microbiota and subsequent activation of innate immune pathways promotes the development of intricate capillary networks and lacteals, influencing the integrity of the gut-vascular barrier as well as nutrient uptake. Since the liver yields most of its blood supply via the portal circulation, the hepatic microcirculation steadily encounters microbiota-derived patterns and active signaling metabolites that induce changes in the organization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium, influencing immune zonation of sinusoids and impacting on metabolic processes. In addition, microbiota-derived signals may affect the vasculature of distant organ systems such as the brain and the eye microvasculature. In recent years, this gut-resident microbial ecosystem was revealed to contribute to the development of several vascular disease phenotypes.
肠道微生物群越来越被认为是一种调节变量，它可以塑造肠道黏膜中的血管发育和内皮细胞功能，同时也影响远程器官的微血管。在小肠中，肠道微生物群的定植和随后的先天免疫途径的激活促进了复杂毛细血管网络和乳糜管的发育，影响了肠道-血管屏障的完整性和营养物质的摄取。由于肝脏通过门静脉循环提供其大部分血液供应，因此肝微循环不断遇到来自微生物群的模式和活性信号代谢物，这些物质诱导肝窦内皮细胞的组织结构发生变化，影响窦的免疫分区，并影响代谢过程。此外，微生物群衍生的信号可能会影响大脑和眼睛微血管等远处器官系统的血管。近年来，这一常驻肠道微生物生态系统被揭示有助于几种血管疾病表型的发展。
