Rezaee Ehsan, Kutsarov Dimitar I, Zhang Jing, Koutsourakis George, Li Bowei, Castro Fernando A, Silva S Ravi P
Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Rd, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
Small Methods. 2024 Feb;8(2):e2300564. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202300564. Epub 2023 Jul 18.
Incontrovertibly there is an increasing demand for the development of benign inks suitable for fabrication of high-performing perovskite-based thin film functional layers. Nevertheless, most reported perovskite precursors rely on the use of highly toxic solvents such as acetonitrile, 2-methoxyethanol, dimethylformamide, and many others. Hence, there is a strong imperative for the development of novel and greener inks, which will facilitate smoother commercialization of technologies based on functional perovskite films. Therefore, four perovskite precursors are studied, some of which consist of up to 90% ethanol. All inks are developed to fulfill the requirements of a high-throughput deposition compatible with roll-to-roll techniques at room temperature, assisted by an air knife for instant solvent removal. Two of the inks are particularly suitable for the fabrication of high-quality and densely packed multi-crystalline (CH NH )PbI layers, as confirmed by numerous nanoscale spectroscopic and material characterization techniques. Additionally, large-area photoluminescence (PL) imaging is demonstrated to improve the quality of the deposited perovskite films, with a route to enhance deposition uniformity when upscaling for manufacture. The genuine potential of the developed greener perovskite inks is demonstrated with the fabrication of solar cells with power conversion efficiencies above 19.5%.
毫无疑问，对于开发适用于制造高性能钙钛矿基薄膜功能层的良性油墨的需求日益增加。然而，大多数报道的钙钛矿前驱体依赖于使用高毒性溶剂，如乙腈、2-甲氧基乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺等。因此，迫切需要开发新型且更环保的油墨，这将有助于基于功能性钙钛矿薄膜的技术更顺利地商业化。因此，研究了四种钙钛矿前驱体，其中一些含有高达90%的乙醇。所有油墨的开发都是为了满足与卷对卷技术兼容的高通量沉积要求，在室温下借助气刀即时去除溶剂。通过多种纳米级光谱和材料表征技术证实，其中两种油墨特别适合制造高质量、紧密堆积的多晶（CH₃NH₃）PbI₃层。此外，大面积光致发光（PL）成像被证明可以提高沉积钙钛矿薄膜的质量，并提供一种在扩大规模制造时提高沉积均匀性的方法。通过制造功率转换效率高于19.5%的太阳能电池，展示了所开发的更环保钙钛矿油墨的真正潜力。
